Are individual differences in appetitive and defensive motivation related? A psychophysiological examination in two samples
Appetitive and defensive motivation account for a good deal of variance in personality and mental health, but whether individual differences in these systems are correlated or orthogonal has not been conclusively established. Previous investigations have generally relied on self-report and have yiel...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cognition and emotion 2014-05, Vol.28 (4), p.636-655 |
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| creator | Sarapas, Casey Katz, Andrea C. Nelson, Brady D. Campbell, Miranda L. Bishop, Jeffrey R. Robison-Andrew, E. Jenna Altman, Sarah E. Gorka, Stephanie M. Shankman, Stewart A. |
| description | Appetitive and defensive motivation account for a good deal of variance in personality and mental health, but whether individual differences in these systems are correlated or orthogonal has not been conclusively established. Previous investigations have generally relied on self-report and have yielded conflicting results. We therefore assessed the relation between psychophysiological indices of appetitive and defensive motivation during elicitation of these motivational states: specifically, frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry during reward anticipation and startle response during anticipation of predictable or unpredictable threat of shock. Results in a sample of psychopathology-free community members (n=63), an independent sample of undergraduates with a range of internalising symptoms (n=64), and the combination of these samples (n=127) revealed that differences in responding to the two tasks were not significantly correlated. Average coefficients approached zero in all three samples (community: .04, undergraduate: −.01, combined: .06). Implications of these findings for research on normal and abnormal personality are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/02699931.2013.848787 |
| format | Article |
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A psychophysiological examination in two samples</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EBSCOhost Business Source Complete</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><creator>Sarapas, Casey ; Katz, Andrea C. ; Nelson, Brady D. ; Campbell, Miranda L. ; Bishop, Jeffrey R. ; Robison-Andrew, E. Jenna ; Altman, Sarah E. ; Gorka, Stephanie M. ; Shankman, Stewart A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Sarapas, Casey ; Katz, Andrea C. ; Nelson, Brady D. ; Campbell, Miranda L. ; Bishop, Jeffrey R. ; Robison-Andrew, E. Jenna ; Altman, Sarah E. ; Gorka, Stephanie M. ; Shankman, Stewart A.</creatorcontrib><description>Appetitive and defensive motivation account for a good deal of variance in personality and mental health, but whether individual differences in these systems are correlated or orthogonal has not been conclusively established. Previous investigations have generally relied on self-report and have yielded conflicting results. We therefore assessed the relation between psychophysiological indices of appetitive and defensive motivation during elicitation of these motivational states: specifically, frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry during reward anticipation and startle response during anticipation of predictable or unpredictable threat of shock. Results in a sample of psychopathology-free community members (n=63), an independent sample of undergraduates with a range of internalising symptoms (n=64), and the combination of these samples (n=127) revealed that differences in responding to the two tasks were not significantly correlated. Average coefficients approached zero in all three samples (community: .04, undergraduate: −.01, combined: .06). Implications of these findings for research on normal and abnormal personality are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-9931</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-0600</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2013.848787</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24191979</identifier><identifier>CODEN: COEMEC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hove: Routledge</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Affectivity. Emotion ; Aged ; Anticipation ; Anticipation, Psychological - physiology ; Appetitive ; Appetitive Behavior - physiology ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain Waves - physiology ; Defensive ; Electric Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Emotions ; Female ; Frontal Lobe - physiology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Individual differences ; Individuality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Motivation - physiology ; Negative affect ; Personality ; Personality. Affectivity ; Positive affect ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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Jenna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altman, Sarah E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorka, Stephanie M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shankman, Stewart A.</creatorcontrib><title>Are individual differences in appetitive and defensive motivation related? A psychophysiological examination in two samples</title><title>Cognition and emotion</title><addtitle>Cogn Emot</addtitle><description>Appetitive and defensive motivation account for a good deal of variance in personality and mental health, but whether individual differences in these systems are correlated or orthogonal has not been conclusively established. Previous investigations have generally relied on self-report and have yielded conflicting results. We therefore assessed the relation between psychophysiological indices of appetitive and defensive motivation during elicitation of these motivational states: specifically, frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry during reward anticipation and startle response during anticipation of predictable or unpredictable threat of shock. Results in a sample of psychopathology-free community members (n=63), an independent sample of undergraduates with a range of internalising symptoms (n=64), and the combination of these samples (n=127) revealed that differences in responding to the two tasks were not significantly correlated. Average coefficients approached zero in all three samples (community: .04, undergraduate: −.01, combined: .06). Implications of these findings for research on normal and abnormal personality are discussed.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affectivity. Emotion</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anticipation</subject><subject>Anticipation, Psychological - physiology</subject><subject>Appetitive</subject><subject>Appetitive Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain Waves - physiology</subject><subject>Defensive</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electrophysiology</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Frontal Lobe - physiology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Individual differences</subject><subject>Individuality</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Motivation - physiology</subject><subject>Negative affect</subject><subject>Personality</subject><subject>Personality. Affectivity</subject><subject>Positive affect</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychophysiological aspects</subject><subject>Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reflex, Startle - physiology</subject><subject>Reward</subject><subject>Undergraduate students</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0269-9931</issn><issn>1464-0600</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk2P0zAQhi0EYkvhHyCUCxKXlHHsJPaFVbXaBaSVuMDZcu3J1iixg512qfjzOGq7wAXtyfL4mdfz8RLymsKKgoD3UDVSSkZXFVC2Ely0on1CFpQ3vIQG4ClZzEg5MxfkRUrfAYAzDs_JRcWppLKVC_JrHbFw3rq9szvdF9Z1HUb0BlMOF3occXKT22OhvS0sdujTfBtCDurJBV9E7PWE9rJYF2M6mG0Yt4fkQh_unMmK-FMPzh_RrDjdhyLpYewxvSTPOt0nfHU6l-TbzfXXq0_l7ZePn6_Wt6WpG5hKljtjgLUGam3TiFbzjRWIpmolRdp2rcSuxpptoNOcNQgGWtMwoRtaiwrYknw46o67zYDWoJ-i7tUY3aDjQQXt1L8v3m3VXdgrJpuqhToLvDsJxPBjh2lSg0sG-157DLukaJ3nKZis-CPQXFCbZ_8YVZAcpMgLXBJ-RE0MKUXsHoqnoGY3qLMb1OwGdXRDTnvzd-MPSef1Z-DtCdAp76qL2huX_nAi_1-JKnOXR875LsRB34fYWzXpQx_iOYn9t5TftHXTXg</recordid><startdate>20140519</startdate><enddate>20140519</enddate><creator>Sarapas, Casey</creator><creator>Katz, Andrea C.</creator><creator>Nelson, Brady D.</creator><creator>Campbell, Miranda L.</creator><creator>Bishop, Jeffrey R.</creator><creator>Robison-Andrew, E. Jenna</creator><creator>Altman, Sarah E.</creator><creator>Gorka, Stephanie M.</creator><creator>Shankman, Stewart A.</creator><general>Routledge</general><general>Psychology Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140519</creationdate><title>Are individual differences in appetitive and defensive motivation related? A psychophysiological examination in two samples</title><author>Sarapas, Casey ; Katz, Andrea C. ; Nelson, Brady D. ; Campbell, Miranda L. ; Bishop, Jeffrey R. ; Robison-Andrew, E. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Individual differences</topic><topic>Individuality</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Motivation - physiology</topic><topic>Negative affect</topic><topic>Personality</topic><topic>Personality. Affectivity</topic><topic>Positive affect</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychophysiological aspects</topic><topic>Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reflex, Startle - physiology</topic><topic>Reward</topic><topic>Undergraduate students</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sarapas, Casey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katz, Andrea C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Brady D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Miranda L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bishop, Jeffrey R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robison-Andrew, E. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Affectivity. Emotion Aged Anticipation Anticipation, Psychological - physiology Appetitive Appetitive Behavior - physiology Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Brain Waves - physiology Defensive Electric Stimulation Electroencephalography Electrophysiology Emotions Female Frontal Lobe - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Individual differences Individuality Male Middle Aged Motivation Motivation - physiology Negative affect Personality Personality. Affectivity Positive affect Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychophysiological aspects Psychophysiology Reflex, Startle - physiology Reward Undergraduate students Young Adult |
| title | Are individual differences in appetitive and defensive motivation related? A psychophysiological examination in two samples |
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