Experimental observation of defect pair separation triggering phase transitions

First-order phase transitions typically exhibit a significant hysteresis resulting for instance in boiling retardation and supercooling. The hysteresis arises, because nucleation of the new phase is activated. The free-energy change is positive until the nucleus reaches a critical size beyond which...

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Veröffentlicht in:Scientific reports 2014-03, Vol.4 (1), p.4110-4110, Article 4110
Hauptverfasser: Cordin, M., Lechner, B. A. J., Duerrbeck, S., Menzel, A., Bertel, E., Redinger, J., Franchini, C.
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container_title Scientific reports
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creator Cordin, M.
Lechner, B. A. J.
Duerrbeck, S.
Menzel, A.
Bertel, E.
Redinger, J.
Franchini, C.
description First-order phase transitions typically exhibit a significant hysteresis resulting for instance in boiling retardation and supercooling. The hysteresis arises, because nucleation of the new phase is activated. The free-energy change is positive until the nucleus reaches a critical size beyond which further growth is downhill. In practice, the barrier is often circumvented by the presence of heterogeneous nucleation centres, e.g. at vessel walls or seed crystals. Recently, it has been proposed that the homogeneous melting of ice proceeds via separation of defect pairs with a substantially smaller barrier as compared to the mere aggregation of defects. Here we report the observation of an analogous mechanism catalysing a two-dimensional homogeneous phase transition. A similar process is believed to occur in spin systems. This suggests that separation of defect pairs is a common trigger for phase transitions. Partially circumventing the activation barrier it reduces the hysteresis and may promote fluctuations within a temperature range increasing with decreasing dimensionality.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/srep04110
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subjects 147/138
639/301/119/2795
639/638/440/950
639/766/119/544
Boiling
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Crystals
Defects
Free energy
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hysteresis
Ice
INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Melting
multidisciplinary
Nucleation
Nuclei
Phase transitions
Science
Supercooling
Temperature effects
title Experimental observation of defect pair separation triggering phase transitions
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