Phylogeography of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) in Mesoamerica: survivors of a Neogene widespread temperate forest (or cloud forest) in North America?

We investigate the genetic variation between populations of the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a tree species with a disjunct distribution between northeastern Texas and Mexico, by analyzing sequences of two chloroplast DNA plastid regions in Mesoamerica. Our results revealed phylogeog...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology and evolution 2014-02, Vol.4 (4), p.311-328
Hauptverfasser: Ruiz‐Sanchez, Eduardo, Ornelas, Juan Francisco
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description We investigate the genetic variation between populations of the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a tree species with a disjunct distribution between northeastern Texas and Mexico, by analyzing sequences of two chloroplast DNA plastid regions in Mesoamerica. Our results revealed phylogeographical structure, with private haplotypes distributed in unique environmental space at either side of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, and a split in the absence of gene flow dating back ca. 4.2–1.4 million years ago (MYA). Species distribution modeling results fit a model of refugia along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts but the present ranges of US and Mesoamerican populations persisted disjunct during glacial/interglacial cycles. Divergence between the US and Mesoamerican (ca. 8.4–2.8 MYA) populations of L. styraciflua and asymmetrical gene flow patterns support the hypothesis of a long‐distance dispersal during the Pliocene, with fragmentation since the most recent glacial advance (120,000 years BP) according to coalescent simulations and high effective migration rates from Mesoamerica to the USA and close to zero in the opposite direction. Our findings implicate the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as a porous barrier driving genetic divergence of L. styraciflua, corresponding with environmental niche differences, during the Pliocene to Quaternary volcanic arc episode 3.6 MYA, and a Mesoamerican origin of populations in the USA. We investigate sequence variation in two chloroplast DNA plastid regions between Measoamerican populations of the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a tree species with a disjunct distribution between northeastern Texas and Mexico. Our findings implicate the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as a barrier driving genetic divergence of L. styraciflua, corresponding with environmental niche differences, during the Pliocene to Quaternary volcanic arc episode 3.6 Ma, and a Mesoamerican origin of populations in the USA.
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Our findings implicate the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as a porous barrier driving genetic divergence of L. styraciflua, corresponding with environmental niche differences, during the Pliocene to Quaternary volcanic arc episode 3.6 MYA, and a Mesoamerican origin of populations in the USA. We investigate sequence variation in two chloroplast DNA plastid regions between Measoamerican populations of the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a tree species with a disjunct distribution between northeastern Texas and Mexico. Our findings implicate the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as a barrier driving genetic divergence of L. styraciflua, corresponding with environmental niche differences, during the Pliocene to Quaternary volcanic arc episode 3.6 Ma, and a Mesoamerican origin of populations in the USA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-7758</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-7758</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ece3.938</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24634718</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Altingiaceae ; Chloroplast DNA ; Chloroplasts ; Cloud forests ; Computer simulation ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Dispersal ; Divergence ; DNA ; Environmental conditions ; Forests ; Gene flow ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic diversity ; Glaciers ; Haplotypes ; Hypotheses ; Liquidambar ; Liquidambar styraciflua ; Mesoamerica ; Mexico ; Niches ; Nucleotide sequence ; Original Research ; Pleistocene ; Pliocene ; Population genetics ; Populations ; Quaternary ; Refugia ; Sea level ; Temperate forests ; Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt ; Volcanic belts</subject><ispartof>Ecology and evolution, 2014-02, Vol.4 (4), p.311-328</ispartof><rights>2014 The Authors. published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2014. 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subjects Altingiaceae
Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplasts
Cloud forests
Computer simulation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Dispersal
Divergence
DNA
Environmental conditions
Forests
Gene flow
Gene sequencing
Genetic diversity
Glaciers
Haplotypes
Hypotheses
Liquidambar
Liquidambar styraciflua
Mesoamerica
Mexico
Niches
Nucleotide sequence
Original Research
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Population genetics
Populations
Quaternary
Refugia
Sea level
Temperate forests
Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt
Volcanic belts
title Phylogeography of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) in Mesoamerica: survivors of a Neogene widespread temperate forest (or cloud forest) in North America?
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