Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil
Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors assoc...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2014-02, Vol.14 (1), p.66-66, Article 66 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 66 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 66 |
| container_title | BMC pregnancy and childbirth |
| container_volume | 14 |
| creator | Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes Schraiber, Lilia Blima Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva Bettiol, Heloisa Barbieri, Marco Antônio |
| description | Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.
Data regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.
Prevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women's age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.70), pregnant women's schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.03).
Psychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1471-2393-14-66 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3927820</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3223357651</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-cf6a0ad0340b5d407f5a9e70300b6865db42606293cea487be2fa0925cad58013</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVUcFu1DAQtRAVXQpnbsgSV9KO7dhJOCCVFbSVVgIJOFsTx9n1Kmsvtrdo4XM48xX9sSZqu2pPM_PmvTcjPULeMDhlrFZnrKxYwUUjClYWSj0jswPy_FF_TF6mtAZgVS3hBTnmpeSMCzkjf7-lvVmFISydwYFeuzBYbyzFJTqfMt1Gu_ToM_0dNtZT5ylOmMc8sg1GS01YhZg_0IjZJoq-o5hSMG4cO9qjySGmSff95l-gi93N__Sefor4xw2vyFGPQ7Kv7-sJ-fnl84_5ZbH4enE1P18UpqyrXJheIWAHooRWdiVUvcTGViAAWlUr2bUlV6B4I4zFUdFa3iM0XBrsZA1MnJCPd77bXbuxnbE-Rxz0NroNxr0O6PTTjXcrvQzXWjS8qjmMBu_uDWL4tbMp63XYRT_-rJkEELJhSo6sszuWiSGlaPvDBQZ6SktPeegpj7HTSo2Kt48fO_Af4hG3yq-Szw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1500359165</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><creator>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa ; da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura ; E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto ; Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena ; de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes ; Schraiber, Lilia Blima ; Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima ; Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva ; Bettiol, Heloisa ; Barbieri, Marco Antônio</creator><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa ; da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura ; E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto ; Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena ; de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes ; Schraiber, Lilia Blima ; Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima ; Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva ; Bettiol, Heloisa ; Barbieri, Marco Antônio</creatorcontrib><description>Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.
Data regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.
Prevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women's age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.70), pregnant women's schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.03).
Psychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2393</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-66</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24521235</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age Factors ; Brazil - epidemiology ; Domestic Violence - psychology ; Domestic Violence - statistics & numerical data ; Educational Status ; Emotional abuse ; Female ; Gender ; Humans ; Illicit Drugs ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women - psychology ; Prenatal care ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Recurrence ; Sexual Partners ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Violence ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014-02, Vol.14 (1), p.66-66, Article 66</ispartof><rights>2014 Ribeiro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Ribeiro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Ribeiro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-cf6a0ad0340b5d407f5a9e70300b6865db42606293cea487be2fa0925cad58013</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-cf6a0ad0340b5d407f5a9e70300b6865db42606293cea487be2fa0925cad58013</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927820/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927820/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521235$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schraiber, Lilia Blima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bettiol, Heloisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbieri, Marco Antônio</creatorcontrib><title>Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil</title><title>BMC pregnancy and childbirth</title><addtitle>BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</addtitle><description>Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.
Data regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.
Prevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women's age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.70), pregnant women's schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.03).
Psychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>Domestic Violence - psychology</subject><subject>Domestic Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Emotional abuse</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illicit Drugs</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnant Women - psychology</subject><subject>Prenatal care</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Recurrence</subject><subject>Sexual Partners</subject><subject>Social Support</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Violence</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1471-2393</issn><issn>1471-2393</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUcFu1DAQtRAVXQpnbsgSV9KO7dhJOCCVFbSVVgIJOFsTx9n1Kmsvtrdo4XM48xX9sSZqu2pPM_PmvTcjPULeMDhlrFZnrKxYwUUjClYWSj0jswPy_FF_TF6mtAZgVS3hBTnmpeSMCzkjf7-lvVmFISydwYFeuzBYbyzFJTqfMt1Gu_ToM_0dNtZT5ylOmMc8sg1GS01YhZg_0IjZJoq-o5hSMG4cO9qjySGmSff95l-gi93N__Sefor4xw2vyFGPQ7Kv7-sJ-fnl84_5ZbH4enE1P18UpqyrXJheIWAHooRWdiVUvcTGViAAWlUr2bUlV6B4I4zFUdFa3iM0XBrsZA1MnJCPd77bXbuxnbE-Rxz0NroNxr0O6PTTjXcrvQzXWjS8qjmMBu_uDWL4tbMp63XYRT_-rJkEELJhSo6sszuWiSGlaPvDBQZ6SktPeegpj7HTSo2Kt48fO_Af4hG3yq-Szw</recordid><startdate>20140212</startdate><enddate>20140212</enddate><creator>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa</creator><creator>da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura</creator><creator>E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto</creator><creator>Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena</creator><creator>de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes</creator><creator>Schraiber, Lilia Blima</creator><creator>Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima</creator><creator>Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva</creator><creator>Bettiol, Heloisa</creator><creator>Barbieri, Marco Antônio</creator><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140212</creationdate><title>Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil</title><author>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa ; da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura ; E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto ; Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena ; de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes ; Schraiber, Lilia Blima ; Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima ; Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva ; Bettiol, Heloisa ; Barbieri, Marco Antônio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c487t-cf6a0ad0340b5d407f5a9e70300b6865db42606293cea487be2fa0925cad58013</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Brazil - epidemiology</topic><topic>Domestic Violence - psychology</topic><topic>Domestic Violence - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Emotional abuse</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illicit Drugs</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnant Women - psychology</topic><topic>Prenatal care</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Recurrence</topic><topic>Sexual Partners</topic><topic>Social Support</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - psychology</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Violence</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schraiber, Lilia Blima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bettiol, Heloisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbieri, Marco Antônio</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC pregnancy and childbirth</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ribeiro, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa</au><au>da Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura</au><au>E Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto</au><au>Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena</au><au>de Rocha, Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes</au><au>Schraiber, Lilia Blima</au><au>Medeiros, Nilzângela Lima</au><au>Costa, Danielle Cristina Silva</au><au>Bettiol, Heloisa</au><au>Barbieri, Marco Antônio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil</atitle><jtitle>BMC pregnancy and childbirth</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Pregnancy Childbirth</addtitle><date>2014-02-12</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>66</spage><epage>66</epage><pages>66-66</pages><artnum>66</artnum><issn>1471-2393</issn><eissn>1471-2393</eissn><abstract>Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.
Data regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.
Prevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women's age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.70), pregnant women's schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.03).
Psychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central</pub><pmid>24521235</pmid><doi>10.1186/1471-2393-14-66</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1471-2393 |
| ispartof | BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014-02, Vol.14 (1), p.66-66, Article 66 |
| issn | 1471-2393 1471-2393 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3927820 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access; Springer Nature OA Free Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age Factors Brazil - epidemiology Domestic Violence - psychology Domestic Violence - statistics & numerical data Educational Status Emotional abuse Female Gender Humans Illicit Drugs Middle Aged Pregnancy Pregnant Women - psychology Prenatal care Prevalence Public health Recurrence Sexual Partners Social Support Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Stress, Psychological - psychology Studies Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Violence Womens health Young Adult |
| title | Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-10T12%3A36%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Psychological%20violence%20against%20pregnant%20women%20in%20a%20prenatal%20care%20cohort:%20rates%20and%20associated%20factors%20in%20S%C3%A3o%20Lu%C3%ADs,%20Brazil&rft.jtitle=BMC%20pregnancy%20and%20childbirth&rft.au=Ribeiro,%20Mariz%C3%A9lia%20Rodrigues%20Costa&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.epage=66&rft.pages=66-66&rft.artnum=66&rft.issn=1471-2393&rft.eissn=1471-2393&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186/1471-2393-14-66&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E3223357651%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1500359165&rft_id=info:pmid/24521235&rfr_iscdi=true |