The Development of Myopia Among Children With Intermittent Exotropia
Purpose To describe the long-term refractive error changes in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in a defined population. Design Retrospective, population-based observational study. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all childr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of ophthalmology 2010-03, Vol.149 (3), p.503-507 |
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| creator | Ekdawi, Noha S Nusz, Kevin J Diehl, Nancy N Mohney, Brian G |
| description | Purpose To describe the long-term refractive error changes in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in a defined population. Design Retrospective, population-based observational study. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all children ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.10.009 |
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Design Retrospective, population-based observational study. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all children (<19 years) diagnosed with IXT as residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975 through December 31, 1994 were retrospectively reviewed for any change in refractive error over time. Results One hundred eighty-four children were diagnosed with IXT during the 20-year study period; 135 (73.4%) had 2 or more refractions separated by a mean of 10 years (range, 1–27 years). The Kaplan-Meier rate of developing myopia in this population was 7.4% by 5 years of age, 46.5% by 10 years, and 91.1% by 20 years. There were 106 patients with 2 or more refractions separated by at least 1 year through 21 years of age, of which 43 underwent surgery and 63 were observed. The annual overall progression was −0.26 diopters (SD ± 0.24) without a statistically significant difference between the observed and surgical groups ( P = .59). Conclusion In this population-based study of children with intermittent exotropia, myopia was calculated to occur in more than 90% of patients by 20 years of age. Observation versus surgical correction did not alter the refractive outcome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9394</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1891</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.10.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20172074</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJOPAA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children & youth ; Disease Progression ; Epidemiology ; Exotropia - diagnosis ; Exotropia - physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Infant ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous ; Myopia - diagnosis ; Myopia - physiopathology ; Oculomotor disorders ; Ophthalmology ; Refraction, Ocular - physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Review boards ; Vision disorders</subject><ispartof>American journal of ophthalmology, 2010-03, Vol.149 (3), p.503-507</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2010 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>(c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2010 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-353e1e5a432cf250488bfca974c21ee28d727bf0277b54a8365dc2a268c3537b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-353e1e5a432cf250488bfca974c21ee28d727bf0277b54a8365dc2a268c3537b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002939409007910$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22499625$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172074$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ekdawi, Noha S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nusz, Kevin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diehl, Nancy N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohney, Brian G</creatorcontrib><title>The Development of Myopia Among Children With Intermittent Exotropia</title><title>American journal of ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Am J Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose To describe the long-term refractive error changes in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in a defined population. Design Retrospective, population-based observational study. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all children (<19 years) diagnosed with IXT as residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975 through December 31, 1994 were retrospectively reviewed for any change in refractive error over time. Results One hundred eighty-four children were diagnosed with IXT during the 20-year study period; 135 (73.4%) had 2 or more refractions separated by a mean of 10 years (range, 1–27 years). The Kaplan-Meier rate of developing myopia in this population was 7.4% by 5 years of age, 46.5% by 10 years, and 91.1% by 20 years. There were 106 patients with 2 or more refractions separated by at least 1 year through 21 years of age, of which 43 underwent surgery and 63 were observed. The annual overall progression was −0.26 diopters (SD ± 0.24) without a statistically significant difference between the observed and surgical groups ( P = .59). Conclusion In this population-based study of children with intermittent exotropia, myopia was calculated to occur in more than 90% of patients by 20 years of age. Observation versus surgical correction did not alter the refractive outcome.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exotropia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Exotropia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Myopia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Myopia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Oculomotor disorders</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Refraction, Ocular - physiology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Review boards</subject><subject>Vision disorders</subject><issn>0002-9394</issn><issn>1879-1891</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk1v1DAQhi0EotuFH8AFRUKop2z9kcS2kCpV2wKVijhQxNFynEnXIbEXO7vq_vs62qWlPXAajf2845l5jdA7ghcEk-q0W-jOLyjGMuWLFF6gGRFc5kRI8hLNMMY0l0wWR-g4xi6lFS_4a3REMeEU82KGLm5WkF3AFnq_HsCNmW-zbzu_tjo7H7y7zZYr2zcBXPbLjqvsyo0QBjuOE3p558cwoW_Qq1b3Ed4e4hz9_Hx5s_yaX3__crU8v85NWbExZyUDAqUuGDUtLXEhRN0aLXlhKAGgouGU1y2mnNdloQWrysZQTSthkpTXbI7O9nXXm3qAxqQmgu7VOthBh53y2qqnN86u1K3fKiZpVaQac3RyKBD8nw3EUQ02Guh77cBvouKMVbKiQibywzOy85vg0nSKYFZRybBgiSJ7ygQfY4D2oReC1WSR6lSySE0WTUcpJM37f4d4UPz1JAEfD4CORvdt0M7Y-MjRQqYep2E-7TlIK99aCCoaC85AYwOYUTXe_reNs2dq01tn04O_YQfxcVoVqcLqx_SXpq-EJcZcph3cA-iBwos</recordid><startdate>20100301</startdate><enddate>20100301</enddate><creator>Ekdawi, Noha S</creator><creator>Nusz, Kevin J</creator><creator>Diehl, Nancy N</creator><creator>Mohney, Brian G</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100301</creationdate><title>The Development of Myopia Among Children With Intermittent Exotropia</title><author>Ekdawi, Noha S ; Nusz, Kevin J ; Diehl, Nancy N ; Mohney, Brian G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-353e1e5a432cf250488bfca974c21ee28d727bf0277b54a8365dc2a268c3537b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exotropia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Exotropia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Kaplan-Meier Estimate</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Myopia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Myopia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Oculomotor disorders</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Refraction, Ocular - physiology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Review boards</topic><topic>Vision disorders</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ekdawi, Noha S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nusz, Kevin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diehl, Nancy N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohney, Brian G</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ekdawi, Noha S</au><au>Nusz, Kevin J</au><au>Diehl, Nancy N</au><au>Mohney, Brian G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Development of Myopia Among Children With Intermittent Exotropia</atitle><jtitle>American journal of ophthalmology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2010-03-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>149</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>503</spage><epage>507</epage><pages>503-507</pages><issn>0002-9394</issn><eissn>1879-1891</eissn><coden>AJOPAA</coden><abstract>Purpose To describe the long-term refractive error changes in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT) in a defined population. Design Retrospective, population-based observational study. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, the medical records of all children (<19 years) diagnosed with IXT as residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975 through December 31, 1994 were retrospectively reviewed for any change in refractive error over time. Results One hundred eighty-four children were diagnosed with IXT during the 20-year study period; 135 (73.4%) had 2 or more refractions separated by a mean of 10 years (range, 1–27 years). The Kaplan-Meier rate of developing myopia in this population was 7.4% by 5 years of age, 46.5% by 10 years, and 91.1% by 20 years. There were 106 patients with 2 or more refractions separated by at least 1 year through 21 years of age, of which 43 underwent surgery and 63 were observed. The annual overall progression was −0.26 diopters (SD ± 0.24) without a statistically significant difference between the observed and surgical groups ( P = .59). Conclusion In this population-based study of children with intermittent exotropia, myopia was calculated to occur in more than 90% of patients by 20 years of age. Observation versus surgical correction did not alter the refractive outcome.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>20172074</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ajo.2009.10.009</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Children & youth Disease Progression Epidemiology Exotropia - diagnosis Exotropia - physiopathology Female Follow-Up Studies Health risk assessment Humans Infant Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Myopia - diagnosis Myopia - physiopathology Oculomotor disorders Ophthalmology Refraction, Ocular - physiology Retrospective Studies Review boards Vision disorders |
| title | The Development of Myopia Among Children With Intermittent Exotropia |
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