Invasive Salmonella Infections in Areas of High and Low Malaria Transmission Intensity in Tanzania
Background. The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs, and prevalence of these pathogens among children in sub-Saharan Africa may vary in relation to malaria transmission intensity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of bacteremia among febrile pediatri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2014-03, Vol.58 (5), p.638-647 |
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| creator | Biggs, Holly M. Lester, Rebecca Nadjm, Behzad Mtove, George Todd, Jim E. Kinabo, Grace D. Philemon, Rune Amos, Ben Morrissey, Anne B. Reyburn, Hugh Crump, John A. |
| description | Background. The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs, and prevalence of these pathogens among children in sub-Saharan Africa may vary in relation to malaria transmission intensity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of bacteremia among febrile pediatric inpatients aged 2 months to 13 years recruited at sites of high and low malaria endemicity in Tanzania. Enrollment at Teule Hospital, the high malaria transmission site, was from June 2006 through May 2007, and at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), the low malaria transmission site, from September 2007 through August 2008. Automated blood culture, malaria microscopy with Giemsa-stained blood films, and human immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Results. At Teule, 3639 children were enrolled compared to 467 at KCMC. Smear-positive malaria was detected in 2195 of 3639 (60.3%) children at Teule and 11 of 460 (2.4%) at KCMC (P < .001). Bacteremia was present in 336 of 3639 (9.2%) children at Teule and 20 of 463 (4.3%) at KCMC (P < .001). NTS was isolated in 162 of 3639 (4.5%) children at Teule and 1 of 463 (0.2%) at KCMC (P < .001). Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 11 (0.3%) children at Teule and 6 (1.3%) at KCMC (P = .008). With NTS excluded, the prevalence of bacteremia at Teule was 5.0% and at KCMC 4.1% (P = .391). Conclusions. Where malaria transmission was intense, invasive NTS was common and Salmonella Typhi was uncommon, whereas the inverse was observed at a low malaria transmission site. The relationship between these pathogens, the environment, and the host is a compelling area for further research. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cid/cit798 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3922215</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>24031645</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>24031645</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-43c94ff5ec4c402f3dc5e120912949f7c96e24116ecc4dbf2d20a483b9fab94d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0c1rFDEYBvAgFltXL96VgAgijOZrPt5LoRS1CyseXM_hnUzSZplNajK7Uv96s-xa2156GGZgfnnI-z6EvOLsI2cgPxk_lGdqoXtCTngt26qpgT8t36zuKtXJ7pg8z3nFGOcdq5-RY6GkbIDBCennYYvZby39geM6BjuOSOfBWTP5GDL1gZ4li5lGRy_85RXFMNBF_E2_4YjJI10mDHntcy68HJxsyH662Z1bYviDweMLcuRwzPbl4T0jP798Xp5fVIvvX-fnZ4vKKOBTpaQB5VxtjTKKCScHU1suGHABClxroLFCcd5YY9TQOzEIhmW4Hhz2oAY5I6f73OtNv7aDsWFKOOrr5NeYbnREr-__Cf5KX8atliCEKHubkfeHgBR_bWyedJnL7DYSbNxkXYjqRNOCfJwqAK5qgK7Qtw_oKm5SKJsogYx1pYqSOCMf9sqkmHOy7vbenOldy7q0rPctF_zm7qS39F-tBbw7AMwGR1c6Mj7_d51oeaHFvd67VZ5iupPDJG9ULf8CHni6wQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1500843379</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Invasive Salmonella Infections in Areas of High and Low Malaria Transmission Intensity in Tanzania</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Biggs, Holly M. ; Lester, Rebecca ; Nadjm, Behzad ; Mtove, George ; Todd, Jim E. ; Kinabo, Grace D. ; Philemon, Rune ; Amos, Ben ; Morrissey, Anne B. ; Reyburn, Hugh ; Crump, John A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Biggs, Holly M. ; Lester, Rebecca ; Nadjm, Behzad ; Mtove, George ; Todd, Jim E. ; Kinabo, Grace D. ; Philemon, Rune ; Amos, Ben ; Morrissey, Anne B. ; Reyburn, Hugh ; Crump, John A.</creatorcontrib><description>Background. The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs, and prevalence of these pathogens among children in sub-Saharan Africa may vary in relation to malaria transmission intensity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of bacteremia among febrile pediatric inpatients aged 2 months to 13 years recruited at sites of high and low malaria endemicity in Tanzania. Enrollment at Teule Hospital, the high malaria transmission site, was from June 2006 through May 2007, and at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), the low malaria transmission site, from September 2007 through August 2008. Automated blood culture, malaria microscopy with Giemsa-stained blood films, and human immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Results. At Teule, 3639 children were enrolled compared to 467 at KCMC. Smear-positive malaria was detected in 2195 of 3639 (60.3%) children at Teule and 11 of 460 (2.4%) at KCMC (P < .001). Bacteremia was present in 336 of 3639 (9.2%) children at Teule and 20 of 463 (4.3%) at KCMC (P < .001). NTS was isolated in 162 of 3639 (4.5%) children at Teule and 1 of 463 (0.2%) at KCMC (P < .001). Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 11 (0.3%) children at Teule and 6 (1.3%) at KCMC (P = .008). With NTS excluded, the prevalence of bacteremia at Teule was 5.0% and at KCMC 4.1% (P = .391). Conclusions. Where malaria transmission was intense, invasive NTS was common and Salmonella Typhi was uncommon, whereas the inverse was observed at a low malaria transmission site. The relationship between these pathogens, the environment, and the host is a compelling area for further research.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit798</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24336909</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CIDIEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; and Commentaries ; Anemia ; ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES ; Bacteremia ; Bacteremia - epidemiology ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection - epidemiology ; Disease transmission ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gram-negative bacteria ; HIV infections ; Human bacterial diseases ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Human protozoal diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious diseases ; Malaria ; Malaria - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microscopy ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Pathogens ; Predisposing factors ; Prevalence ; Protozoal diseases ; Salmonella ; Salmonella - classification ; Salmonella - isolation & purification ; Salmonella infections ; Salmonella Infections - epidemiology ; Salmonella typhi ; Tanzania - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2014-03, Vol.58 (5), p.638-647</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Mar 1, 2014</rights><rights>The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: . 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-43c94ff5ec4c402f3dc5e120912949f7c96e24116ecc4dbf2d20a483b9fab94d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-43c94ff5ec4c402f3dc5e120912949f7c96e24116ecc4dbf2d20a483b9fab94d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24031645$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24031645$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28271336$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24336909$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Biggs, Holly M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lester, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nadjm, Behzad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mtove, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Todd, Jim E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kinabo, Grace D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philemon, Rune</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amos, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morrissey, Anne B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reyburn, Hugh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crump, John A.</creatorcontrib><title>Invasive Salmonella Infections in Areas of High and Low Malaria Transmission Intensity in Tanzania</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Background. The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs, and prevalence of these pathogens among children in sub-Saharan Africa may vary in relation to malaria transmission intensity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of bacteremia among febrile pediatric inpatients aged 2 months to 13 years recruited at sites of high and low malaria endemicity in Tanzania. Enrollment at Teule Hospital, the high malaria transmission site, was from June 2006 through May 2007, and at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), the low malaria transmission site, from September 2007 through August 2008. Automated blood culture, malaria microscopy with Giemsa-stained blood films, and human immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Results. At Teule, 3639 children were enrolled compared to 467 at KCMC. Smear-positive malaria was detected in 2195 of 3639 (60.3%) children at Teule and 11 of 460 (2.4%) at KCMC (P < .001). Bacteremia was present in 336 of 3639 (9.2%) children at Teule and 20 of 463 (4.3%) at KCMC (P < .001). NTS was isolated in 162 of 3639 (4.5%) children at Teule and 1 of 463 (0.2%) at KCMC (P < .001). Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 11 (0.3%) children at Teule and 6 (1.3%) at KCMC (P = .008). With NTS excluded, the prevalence of bacteremia at Teule was 5.0% and at KCMC 4.1% (P = .391). Conclusions. Where malaria transmission was intense, invasive NTS was common and Salmonella Typhi was uncommon, whereas the inverse was observed at a low malaria transmission site. The relationship between these pathogens, the environment, and the host is a compelling area for further research.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>and Commentaries</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES</subject><subject>Bacteremia</subject><subject>Bacteremia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Coinfection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gram-negative bacteria</subject><subject>HIV infections</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Predisposing factors</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Salmonella - classification</subject><subject>Salmonella - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Salmonella infections</subject><subject>Salmonella Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Salmonella typhi</subject><subject>Tanzania - epidemiology</subject><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c1rFDEYBvAgFltXL96VgAgijOZrPt5LoRS1CyseXM_hnUzSZplNajK7Uv96s-xa2156GGZgfnnI-z6EvOLsI2cgPxk_lGdqoXtCTngt26qpgT8t36zuKtXJ7pg8z3nFGOcdq5-RY6GkbIDBCennYYvZby39geM6BjuOSOfBWTP5GDL1gZ4li5lGRy_85RXFMNBF_E2_4YjJI10mDHntcy68HJxsyH662Z1bYviDweMLcuRwzPbl4T0jP798Xp5fVIvvX-fnZ4vKKOBTpaQB5VxtjTKKCScHU1suGHABClxroLFCcd5YY9TQOzEIhmW4Hhz2oAY5I6f73OtNv7aDsWFKOOrr5NeYbnREr-__Cf5KX8atliCEKHubkfeHgBR_bWyedJnL7DYSbNxkXYjqRNOCfJwqAK5qgK7Qtw_oKm5SKJsogYx1pYqSOCMf9sqkmHOy7vbenOldy7q0rPctF_zm7qS39F-tBbw7AMwGR1c6Mj7_d51oeaHFvd67VZ5iupPDJG9ULf8CHni6wQ</recordid><startdate>20140301</startdate><enddate>20140301</enddate><creator>Biggs, Holly M.</creator><creator>Lester, Rebecca</creator><creator>Nadjm, Behzad</creator><creator>Mtove, George</creator><creator>Todd, Jim E.</creator><creator>Kinabo, Grace D.</creator><creator>Philemon, Rune</creator><creator>Amos, Ben</creator><creator>Morrissey, Anne B.</creator><creator>Reyburn, Hugh</creator><creator>Crump, John A.</creator><general>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140301</creationdate><title>Invasive Salmonella Infections in Areas of High and Low Malaria Transmission Intensity in Tanzania</title><author>Biggs, Holly M. ; 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The epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) differs, and prevalence of these pathogens among children in sub-Saharan Africa may vary in relation to malaria transmission intensity. Methods. We compared the prevalence of bacteremia among febrile pediatric inpatients aged 2 months to 13 years recruited at sites of high and low malaria endemicity in Tanzania. Enrollment at Teule Hospital, the high malaria transmission site, was from June 2006 through May 2007, and at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), the low malaria transmission site, from September 2007 through August 2008. Automated blood culture, malaria microscopy with Giemsa-stained blood films, and human immunodeficiency virus testing were performed. Results. At Teule, 3639 children were enrolled compared to 467 at KCMC. Smear-positive malaria was detected in 2195 of 3639 (60.3%) children at Teule and 11 of 460 (2.4%) at KCMC (P < .001). Bacteremia was present in 336 of 3639 (9.2%) children at Teule and 20 of 463 (4.3%) at KCMC (P < .001). NTS was isolated in 162 of 3639 (4.5%) children at Teule and 1 of 463 (0.2%) at KCMC (P < .001). Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 11 (0.3%) children at Teule and 6 (1.3%) at KCMC (P = .008). With NTS excluded, the prevalence of bacteremia at Teule was 5.0% and at KCMC 4.1% (P = .391). Conclusions. Where malaria transmission was intense, invasive NTS was common and Salmonella Typhi was uncommon, whereas the inverse was observed at a low malaria transmission site. The relationship between these pathogens, the environment, and the host is a compelling area for further research.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</pub><pmid>24336909</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/cit798</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical infectious diseases, 2014-03, Vol.58 (5), p.638-647 |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent and Commentaries Anemia ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES Bacteremia Bacteremia - epidemiology Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Coinfection - epidemiology Disease transmission Epidemiology Female Gram-negative bacteria HIV infections Human bacterial diseases Human immunodeficiency virus Human protozoal diseases Humans Infant Infectious diseases Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Male Medical sciences Microscopy Parasites Parasitic diseases Pathogens Predisposing factors Prevalence Protozoal diseases Salmonella Salmonella - classification Salmonella - isolation & purification Salmonella infections Salmonella Infections - epidemiology Salmonella typhi Tanzania - epidemiology |
| title | Invasive Salmonella Infections in Areas of High and Low Malaria Transmission Intensity in Tanzania |
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