Neurotoxicants Are in the Air : Convergence of Human, Animal, and In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on the Brain
In addition to increased morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, air pollution may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is a mixture comprised of several components, of which ultrafine particulate matter...
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description | In addition to increased morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, air pollution may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is a mixture comprised of several components, of which ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM; |
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Air pollution is a mixture comprised of several components, of which ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM; <100 nm) is of much concern, as these particles can enter the circulation and distribute to most organs, including the brain. A major constituent of ambient UFPM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Human epidemiological studies and controlled animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may lead to neurotoxicity. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, two prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals and are confirmed by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered the most relevant. Human and animal studies suggest that air pollution (and DE) may cause developmental neurotoxicity and may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders. In addition, air pollution exposure has been associated with increased expression of markers of neurodegenerative disease pathologies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2014/736385</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24524086</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Animal cognition ; Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Brain ; Brain - drug effects ; Brain research ; Cell Line ; Central nervous system diseases ; Colleges & universities ; Convergence ; Dogs ; Environmental aspects ; Health aspects ; Health sciences ; Humans ; Mice ; Mortality ; Neurotoxic agents ; Neurotoxicity ; Neurotoxins - analysis ; Neurotoxins - toxicity ; Oxidative stress ; Rats ; Review ; Rodents ; Toxicity ; Toxicity Tests</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-8</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Lucio G. Costa et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Lucio G. Costa et al. Lucio G. Costa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Lucio G. Costa et al. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-8e3a5694f0f4bc70752ed73a9a018ad542246e798bac0150efda2969e7f18e1d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-8e3a5694f0f4bc70752ed73a9a018ad542246e798bac0150efda2969e7f18e1d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912642/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912642/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Bale, Ambuja</contributor><creatorcontrib>Costa, Lucio Guido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cole, Toby B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coburn, Jacki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yu-Chi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dao, Khoi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roque, Pamela</creatorcontrib><title>Neurotoxicants Are in the Air : Convergence of Human, Animal, and In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on the Brain</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>In addition to increased morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, air pollution may also negatively affect the brain and contribute to central nervous system diseases. Air pollution is a mixture comprised of several components, of which ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM; <100 nm) is of much concern, as these particles can enter the circulation and distribute to most organs, including the brain. A major constituent of ambient UFPM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Human epidemiological studies and controlled animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may lead to neurotoxicity. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, two prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals and are confirmed by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered the most relevant. Human and animal studies suggest that air pollution (and DE) may cause developmental neurotoxicity and may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders. In addition, air pollution exposure has been associated with increased expression of markers of neurodegenerative disease pathologies.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical Research</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - drug effects</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Central nervous system diseases</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Convergence</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neurotoxic agents</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity</subject><subject>Neurotoxins - analysis</subject><subject>Neurotoxins - toxicity</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAQgCMEolXpiTPIEhcEXep3Yg5IYVVopQqQeFwtrzPedZW1WzspcOKv4yjL8rjgg21pvvnGI09VPST4BSFCnFJM-GnNJGvEneqQMsIXknByd39n7KA6zvkKl9UQiZW8Xx1QLijHjTysfryDMcUhfvPWhCGjNgHyAQ0bQK1P6CVaxnALaQ3BAooOnY9bE05QG_zW9CfIhA5dBPTFDymij8PYecgozvlnzoEtypI1qT7Evh8HX4K7-OtkfHhQ3XOmz3C8O4-qz2_OPi3PF5fv314s28uF5QoPiwaYEVJxhx1f2RrXgkJXM6MMJo3pBKeUS6hVszIWE4HBdYYqqaB2pAHSsaPq1ey9Hldb6CyEIZleX6fSR_quo_H670jwG72Ot5opQiWnRfB0J0jxZoQ86K3PFvreBIhj1kQw3lAiGlnQJ_-gV3FMobRXKMxkIRX9Ta1ND9oHF0tdO0l1y2mNadkm1_OZsinmnMDtn0ywniZATxOg5wko9OM_u9yzv_67AM9mYONDZ776_9gezTAUBJzZw1xxoQT7CThjv3s</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Costa, Lucio Guido</creator><creator>Cole, Toby B.</creator><creator>Coburn, Jacki</creator><creator>Chang, Yu-Chi</creator><creator>Dao, Khoi</creator><creator>Roque, Pamela</creator><general>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>Neurotoxicants Are in the Air : Convergence of Human, Animal, and In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on the Brain</title><author>Costa, Lucio Guido ; Cole, Toby B. ; Coburn, Jacki ; Chang, Yu-Chi ; Dao, Khoi ; Roque, Pamela</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-8e3a5694f0f4bc70752ed73a9a018ad542246e798bac0150efda2969e7f18e1d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - 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Air pollution is a mixture comprised of several components, of which ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM; <100 nm) is of much concern, as these particles can enter the circulation and distribute to most organs, including the brain. A major constituent of ambient UFPM is represented by traffic-related air pollution, mostly ascribed to diesel exhaust (DE). Human epidemiological studies and controlled animal studies have shown that exposure to air pollution may lead to neurotoxicity. In addition to a variety of behavioral abnormalities, two prominent effects caused by air pollution are oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are seen in both humans and animals and are confirmed by in vitro studies. Among factors which can affect neurotoxic outcomes, age is considered the most relevant. 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subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - toxicity Air pollution Animal cognition Animals Biomedical Research Brain Brain - drug effects Brain research Cell Line Central nervous system diseases Colleges & universities Convergence Dogs Environmental aspects Health aspects Health sciences Humans Mice Mortality Neurotoxic agents Neurotoxicity Neurotoxins - analysis Neurotoxins - toxicity Oxidative stress Rats Review Rodents Toxicity Toxicity Tests |
title | Neurotoxicants Are in the Air : Convergence of Human, Animal, and In Vitro Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on the Brain |
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