Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of cholin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Autism Research and Treatment 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.59-65 |
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| creator | Hamlin, Joanna C. Pauly, Margaret Melnyk, Stepan Pavliv, Oleksandra Starrett, William Crook, Tina A. James, S. Jill |
| description | Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with autism was adequate to meet nutritional needs based on national recommendations. Three-day food records were analyzed for 288 children with autism (ASDs) who participated in the national Autism Intervention Research Network for Physical Health (AIR-P) Study on Diet and Nutrition in children with autism. Plasma concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in a subgroup of 35 children with ASDs and 32 age-matched control children. The results indicated that 60–93% of children with ASDs were consuming less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Strong positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of choline and betaine in autistic children as well as lower plasma concentrations compared to the control group. We conclude that choline and betaine intake is inadequate in a significant subgroup of children with ASDs and is reflected in lower plasma levels. Inadequate intake of choline and betaine may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities observed in many children with autism and warrants attention in nutritional counseling. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2013/578429 |
| format | Article |
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Jill</creator><contributor>Dawson, Geraldine ; Croft, Cindy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hamlin, Joanna C. ; Pauly, Margaret ; Melnyk, Stepan ; Pavliv, Oleksandra ; Starrett, William ; Crook, Tina A. ; James, S. Jill ; Dawson, Geraldine ; Croft, Cindy</creatorcontrib><description>Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with autism was adequate to meet nutritional needs based on national recommendations. Three-day food records were analyzed for 288 children with autism (ASDs) who participated in the national Autism Intervention Research Network for Physical Health (AIR-P) Study on Diet and Nutrition in children with autism. Plasma concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in a subgroup of 35 children with ASDs and 32 age-matched control children. The results indicated that 60–93% of children with ASDs were consuming less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Strong positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of choline and betaine in autistic children as well as lower plasma concentrations compared to the control group. We conclude that choline and betaine intake is inadequate in a significant subgroup of children with ASDs and is reflected in lower plasma levels. Inadequate intake of choline and betaine may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities observed in many children with autism and warrants attention in nutritional counseling.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2090-1925</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 1771880945</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 9781771880947</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2090-1933</identifier><identifier>EISBN: 9781498714365</identifier><identifier>EISBN: 1498714366</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2013/578429</identifier><identifier>OCLC: 903245773</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24396597</identifier><identifier>LCCallNum: RJ206 .P74 2015</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Limiteds</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Autism ; Autistic children ; Behavior ; Care and treatment ; Children & youth ; Choline ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Diet ; Dietetics & nutrition ; DNA ; DNA methylation ; Folic acid ; Food ; Food and nutrition ; Gene expression ; Health aspects ; Homocysteine ; Intervention ; Maternal & child health ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Nutrition research ; Paediatric medicine ; Pediatrics ; Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; Physiological aspects ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Signal transduction</subject><ispartof>Autism Research and Treatment, 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.59-65</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 Joanna C. Hamlin et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Joanna C. Hamlin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Joanna C. Hamlin et al. 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5909-65945b3fe460bff0a09b95cad045e38dc62616aaf0988c556944fab4d61902983</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5909-65945b3fe460bff0a09b95cad045e38dc62616aaf0988c556944fab4d61902983</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8144-3732</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/covers/1767103-l.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3876775/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3876775/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,775,776,780,881,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24396597$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dawson, Geraldine</contributor><contributor>Croft, Cindy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hamlin, Joanna C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauly, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melnyk, Stepan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavliv, Oleksandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Starrett, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crook, Tina A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>James, S. Jill</creatorcontrib><title>Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders</title><title>Autism Research and Treatment</title><addtitle>Autism Res Treat</addtitle><description>Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with autism was adequate to meet nutritional needs based on national recommendations. Three-day food records were analyzed for 288 children with autism (ASDs) who participated in the national Autism Intervention Research Network for Physical Health (AIR-P) Study on Diet and Nutrition in children with autism. Plasma concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in a subgroup of 35 children with ASDs and 32 age-matched control children. The results indicated that 60–93% of children with ASDs were consuming less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Strong positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of choline and betaine in autistic children as well as lower plasma concentrations compared to the control group. We conclude that choline and betaine intake is inadequate in a significant subgroup of children with ASDs and is reflected in lower plasma levels. Inadequate intake of choline and betaine may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities observed in many children with autism and warrants attention in nutritional counseling.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic children</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Choline</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietetics & nutrition</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Folic acid</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food and nutrition</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homocysteine</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Maternal & child health</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Paediatric medicine</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><issn>2090-1925</issn><issn>2090-1933</issn><isbn>1771880945</isbn><isbn>9781771880947</isbn><isbn>9781498714365</isbn><isbn>1498714366</isbn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkttv0zAUh819ZeyJ56FISAiBuvnu-AWpdFyGKjEJeLacxFm8JXaJ003895yS0q0TEsnDSXy-c_v5IPSc4CNChDimmLBjoXJO9T10oFVOuM4V4UyK-2hCscZTohl7gJ4SpUieY83Fw62DisdoojGjXCjF9tBBShcYHokZZ_kTtEc501JoNUHFiXeD7X9lp2Gwly6zocrOWps6my3clWtTFuts3sTWh9H5HvD1tw9w7NuqdyG79kOTzVaDT132benKoV912YlPsa9cn56hR7VtkzvY2H304-OH7_PP08XXT6fz2WJqhcZ6Cv1wUbDacYmLusYW60KL0laYC8fyqpRUEmltjXWel0JIzXltC15JojHVOdtH78a8y1XRuap0Yehta5a972BAE603u57gG3MerwzLlVRKQILXmwR9_LlyaTCdT6VrWxtcXCUDd4AVBR3XtV7eQS_iqg8wniGKYBhBKnJDndvWGR_qCHXLdVIz4wQIJSkG6ugfFLyV63wZg6s9nO8EvLoV0DjbDk2KLegfQ9oF345g2ceUeldvxSDYrPfMrPfMjHsG9Ivb-m3Zv8sCALsztCtivNzIWTZ2OcB1gwBQHzOwhkoKUW_GqMaHyl77__RwOMIOEFfbLcxzSqGRffRl9Fvf-8HfqH4GWQShhGOs_2QkdG2gESoxJnr3R2gjBfsNAwz-8Q</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Hamlin, Joanna C.</creator><creator>Pauly, Margaret</creator><creator>Melnyk, Stepan</creator><creator>Pavliv, Oleksandra</creator><creator>Starrett, William</creator><creator>Crook, Tina A.</creator><creator>James, S. 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Jill</au><au>Dawson, Geraldine</au><au>Croft, Cindy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders</atitle><jtitle>Autism Research and Treatment</jtitle><addtitle>Autism Res Treat</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>2013</volume><issue>2013</issue><spage>59</spage><epage>65</epage><pages>59-65</pages><issn>2090-1925</issn><eissn>2090-1933</eissn><isbn>1771880945</isbn><isbn>9781771880947</isbn><eisbn>9781498714365</eisbn><eisbn>1498714366</eisbn><abstract>Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with autism was adequate to meet nutritional needs based on national recommendations. Three-day food records were analyzed for 288 children with autism (ASDs) who participated in the national Autism Intervention Research Network for Physical Health (AIR-P) Study on Diet and Nutrition in children with autism. Plasma concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in a subgroup of 35 children with ASDs and 32 age-matched control children. The results indicated that 60–93% of children with ASDs were consuming less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Strong positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of choline and betaine in autistic children as well as lower plasma concentrations compared to the control group. We conclude that choline and betaine intake is inadequate in a significant subgroup of children with ASDs and is reflected in lower plasma levels. Inadequate intake of choline and betaine may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities observed in many children with autism and warrants attention in nutritional counseling.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Limiteds</pub><pmid>24396597</pmid><doi>10.1155/2013/578429</doi><oclcid>903245773</oclcid><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-3732</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Autism Research and Treatment, 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.59-65 |
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| subjects | Analysis Autism Autistic children Behavior Care and treatment Children & youth Choline Deoxyribonucleic acid Diet Dietetics & nutrition DNA DNA methylation Folic acid Food Food and nutrition Gene expression Health aspects Homocysteine Intervention Maternal & child health Metabolism Metabolites Nutrition research Paediatric medicine Pediatrics Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology Physiological aspects Plasma Prognosis Signal transduction |
| title | Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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