No known hominin species matches the expected dental morphology of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans
A central problem in paleoanthropology is the identity of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans ([N-MH]LCA). Recently developed analytical techniques now allow this problem to be addressed using a probabilistic morphological framework. This study provides a quantitative reconstr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2013-11, Vol.110 (45), p.18196-18201 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Gómez-Robles, Aida de Castro, José María Bermúdez Arsuaga, Juan-Luis Carbonell, Eudald Polly, P. David |
| description | A central problem in paleoanthropology is the identity of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans ([N-MH]LCA). Recently developed analytical techniques now allow this problem to be addressed using a probabilistic morphological framework. This study provides a quantitative reconstruction of the expected dental morphology of the [N-MH]LCA and an assessment of whether known fossil species are compatible with this ancestral position. We show that no known fossil species is a suitable candidate for being the [N-MH]LCA and that all late Early and Middle Pleistocene taxa from Europe have Neanderthal dental affinities, pointing to the existence of a European clade originated around 1 Ma. These results are incongruent with younger molecular divergence estimates and suggest at least one of the following must be true: (i) European fossils and the [N-MH]LCA selectively retained primitive dental traits; (ii) molecular estimates of the divergence between Neanderthals and modern humans are underestimated; or (iii) phenotypic divergence and speciation between both species were decoupled such that phenotypic differentiation, at least in dental morphology, predated speciation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1302653110 |
| format | Article |
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David</creatorcontrib><title>No known hominin species matches the expected dental morphology of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>A central problem in paleoanthropology is the identity of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans ([N-MH]LCA). Recently developed analytical techniques now allow this problem to be addressed using a probabilistic morphological framework. This study provides a quantitative reconstruction of the expected dental morphology of the [N-MH]LCA and an assessment of whether known fossil species are compatible with this ancestral position. We show that no known fossil species is a suitable candidate for being the [N-MH]LCA and that all late Early and Middle Pleistocene taxa from Europe have Neanderthal dental affinities, pointing to the existence of a European clade originated around 1 Ma. These results are incongruent with younger molecular divergence estimates and suggest at least one of the following must be true: (i) European fossils and the [N-MH]LCA selectively retained primitive dental traits; (ii) molecular estimates of the divergence between Neanderthals and modern humans are underestimated; or (iii) phenotypic divergence and speciation between both species were decoupled such that phenotypic differentiation, at least in dental morphology, predated speciation.</description><subject>analytical methods</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Biological taxonomies</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Hominidae - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Hominids</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Moon</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>morphospecies</subject><subject>Neanderthals</subject><subject>Nonnative species</subject><subject>Phenotypic traits</subject><subject>phenotypic variation</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Teeth</subject><subject>Tooth - anatomy & histology</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhSMEokNhzQqwxIZN2ut3vEFCFS-pKgvo2nIcZ5IhsYOdAF3w33GYYQpsWFn2-e6xj-8tiscYzjBIej55k84wBSI4xRjuFBsMCpeCKbhbbACILCtG2EnxIKUdAChewf3ihDDMOCNiU_y4CuizD9886sLY-96jNDnbu4RGM9sur3PnkPueD2fXoMb52QxoDHHqwhC2Nyi0v4jBpBnZMI7BI-OtS3OIq3bljG9cnDszpCw0uTRv823LaHx6WNxrs-AeHdbT4vrN608X78rLD2_fX7y6LC0nfC6FdQ1XuIbGKNLUppWkJqrljoPFQJWTimLChJDOEgvMmsYJkJYIxwU0NT0tXu59p6UeXWNzimgGPcV-NPFGB9PrvxXfd3obvmpaUcwkzgYvDgYxfFlyOj32ybphMN6FJWlcAQVZEaj-jzKmiKiIJBl9_g-6C0v0-ScyxSvKZIVFps73lI0hpeja47sx6HUK9DoF-nYKcsXTP-Me-d9tzwA6AGvl0S77MZ6zYLUiT_bIbm3lrQWVnEnGsv5sr7cmaLONfdLXHwlgAYAZcCroT33mzSY</recordid><startdate>20131105</startdate><enddate>20131105</enddate><creator>Gómez-Robles, Aida</creator><creator>de Castro, José María Bermúdez</creator><creator>Arsuaga, Juan-Luis</creator><creator>Carbonell, Eudald</creator><creator>Polly, P. 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David</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>No known hominin species matches the expected dental morphology of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2013-11-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>110</volume><issue>45</issue><spage>18196</spage><epage>18201</epage><pages>18196-18201</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>A central problem in paleoanthropology is the identity of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans ([N-MH]LCA). Recently developed analytical techniques now allow this problem to be addressed using a probabilistic morphological framework. 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These results are incongruent with younger molecular divergence estimates and suggest at least one of the following must be true: (i) European fossils and the [N-MH]LCA selectively retained primitive dental traits; (ii) molecular estimates of the divergence between Neanderthals and modern humans are underestimated; or (iii) phenotypic divergence and speciation between both species were decoupled such that phenotypic differentiation, at least in dental morphology, predated speciation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>24145426</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1302653110</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2013-11, Vol.110 (45), p.18196-18201 |
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| subjects | analytical methods Animals Biological Evolution Biological Sciences Biological taxonomies Europe Evolution Fossils Hominidae - anatomy & histology Hominids Humans Linear Models Moon Morphology morphospecies Neanderthals Nonnative species Phenotypic traits phenotypic variation Phylogenetics Phylogeny Predation Species Specificity Taxa Taxonomy Teeth Tooth - anatomy & histology |
| title | No known hominin species matches the expected dental morphology of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans |
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