CX3CL1/fractalkine shedding by human hepatic stellate cells: contribution to chronic inflammation in the liver

Chemokines are the inflammatory mediators that modulate liver fibrosis, a common feature of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. CX3CL1/fractalkine is a membrane‐associated chemokine that requires step processing for chemotactic activity and has been recently implicated in liver disease. Here, we in...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2009-08, Vol.13 (8a), p.1526-1535
Hauptverfasser: Bourd‐Boittin, Katia, Basset, Laetitia, Bonnier, Dominique, L’Helgoualc’h, Annie, Samson, Michel, Théret, Nathalie
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container_title Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
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creator Bourd‐Boittin, Katia
Basset, Laetitia
Bonnier, Dominique
L’Helgoualc’h, Annie
Samson, Michel
Théret, Nathalie
description Chemokines are the inflammatory mediators that modulate liver fibrosis, a common feature of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. CX3CL1/fractalkine is a membrane‐associated chemokine that requires step processing for chemotactic activity and has been recently implicated in liver disease. Here, we investigated the potential shedding activities involved in the release of the soluble chemotactic peptides from CX3CL1 in the injured liver. We showed an increased expression of the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in patients with chronic liver diseases that was associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were an important source of ADAM10 and ADAM17 and that treatment with the inflammatory cytokine inter‐feron‐γ induced the expression of CX3CL1 and release of soluble peptides. This release was inhibited by the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat; however, ADAM10/ADAM17 inhibitor GW280264X only partially affected shedding activity. By using selective tissue metalloprotease inhibitors and overexpression analyses, we showed that CX3CL1 was mainly processed by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, a metalloprotease highly expressed by HSC. We further demonstrated that the CX3CL1 soluble peptides released from stimulated HSC induced the activation of the CX3CR1‐dependent signalling pathway and promoted chemoattraction of monocytes in vitro. We conclude that ADAM10, ADAM17 and MMP‐2 synthesized by activated HSC mediate CX3CL1 shedding and release of chemotactic peptides, thereby facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells and paracrine stimulation of HSC in chronic liver diseases.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00787.x
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CX3CL1/fractalkine is a membrane‐associated chemokine that requires step processing for chemotactic activity and has been recently implicated in liver disease. Here, we investigated the potential shedding activities involved in the release of the soluble chemotactic peptides from CX3CL1 in the injured liver. We showed an increased expression of the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in patients with chronic liver diseases that was associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were an important source of ADAM10 and ADAM17 and that treatment with the inflammatory cytokine inter‐feron‐γ induced the expression of CX3CL1 and release of soluble peptides. This release was inhibited by the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat; however, ADAM10/ADAM17 inhibitor GW280264X only partially affected shedding activity. By using selective tissue metalloprotease inhibitors and overexpression analyses, we showed that CX3CL1 was mainly processed by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, a metalloprotease highly expressed by HSC. We further demonstrated that the CX3CL1 soluble peptides released from stimulated HSC induced the activation of the CX3CR1‐dependent signalling pathway and promoted chemoattraction of monocytes in vitro. 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CX3CL1/fractalkine is a membrane‐associated chemokine that requires step processing for chemotactic activity and has been recently implicated in liver disease. Here, we investigated the potential shedding activities involved in the release of the soluble chemotactic peptides from CX3CL1 in the injured liver. We showed an increased expression of the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in patients with chronic liver diseases that was associated with the severity of liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were an important source of ADAM10 and ADAM17 and that treatment with the inflammatory cytokine inter‐feron‐γ induced the expression of CX3CL1 and release of soluble peptides. This release was inhibited by the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat; however, ADAM10/ADAM17 inhibitor GW280264X only partially affected shedding activity. By using selective tissue metalloprotease inhibitors and overexpression analyses, we showed that CX3CL1 was mainly processed by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, a metalloprotease highly expressed by HSC. We further demonstrated that the CX3CL1 soluble peptides released from stimulated HSC induced the activation of the CX3CR1‐dependent signalling pathway and promoted chemoattraction of monocytes in vitro. We conclude that ADAM10, ADAM17 and MMP‐2 synthesized by activated HSC mediate CX3CL1 shedding and release of chemotactic peptides, thereby facilitating recruitment of inflammatory cells and paracrine stimulation of HSC in chronic liver diseases.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>19432809</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00787.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-7828</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-6470</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects ADAM Proteins
ADAM Proteins - genetics
ADAM Proteins - metabolism
ADAM10 Protein
ADAM17 Protein
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases - genetics
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases - metabolism
Antibodies
Cell activation
Cell Line
Cells
Cellular Biology
Chemokine CX3CL1
Chemokine CX3CL1 - genetics
Chemokine CX3CL1 - metabolism
Chemokines
Chemotactic response
Chronic Disease
Cloning
Collagen Type I
Collagen Type I - pharmacology
CX3CR1 protein
Cytokines
Extracellular matrix
Fibrosis
Fractalkine
Gelatinase A
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects
Hepatic Stellate Cells
Hepatic Stellate Cells - drug effects
Hepatic Stellate Cells - enzymology
Hepatic Stellate Cells - metabolism
Hepatic Stellate Cells - pathology
Hepatocytes
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Interferon-gamma
Interferon-gamma - pharmacology
Life Sciences
Liver
Liver - drug effects
Liver - metabolism
Liver - pathology
Liver cancer
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver Cirrhosis - enzymology
Liver Cirrhosis - pathology
Liver diseases
liver fibrosis
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 - metabolism
Medical prognosis
Membrane Proteins
Membrane Proteins - genetics
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Metastasis
Monocytes
Paracrine signalling
Peptides
RNA, Messenger
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
shedding
Signal transduction
Solubility
Solubility - drug effects
Stellate cells
T cell receptors
Up-Regulation
Up-Regulation - drug effects
title CX3CL1/fractalkine shedding by human hepatic stellate cells: contribution to chronic inflammation in the liver
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