Functional maturation of the executive system during adolescence
Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM lo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of neuroscience 2013-10, Vol.33 (41), p.16249-16261 |
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| container_title | The Journal of neuroscience |
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| creator | Satterthwaite, Theodore D Wolf, Daniel H Erus, Guray Ruparel, Kosha Elliott, Mark A Gennatas, Efstathios D Hopson, Ryan Jackson, Chad Prabhakaran, Karthik Bilker, Warren B Calkins, Monica E Loughead, James Smith, Alex Roalf, David R Hakonarson, Hakon Verma, Ragini Davatzikos, Christos Gur, Ruben C Gur, Raquel E |
| description | Adolescence is characterized by rapid development of executive function. Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8-22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. These results delineate a process of functional maturation of the executive system, and suggest that this process allows for the improvement of cognitive capability seen during adolescence. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2345-13.2013 |
| format | Article |
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Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8-22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. 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Working memory (WM) is a key element of executive function, but it is not known what brain changes during adolescence allow improved WM performance. Using a fractal n-back fMRI paradigm, we investigated brain responses to WM load in 951 human youths aged 8-22 years. Compared with more limited associations with age, WM performance was robustly associated with both executive network activation and deactivation of the default mode network. Multivariate patterns of brain activation predicted task performance with a high degree of accuracy, and also mediated the observed age-related improvements in WM performance. These results delineate a process of functional maturation of the executive system, and suggest that this process allows for the improvement of cognitive capability seen during adolescence.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Brain - physiology</subject><subject>Brain Mapping</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Executive Function - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory, Short-Term - physiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0270-6474</issn><issn>1529-2401</issn><issn>1529-2401</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1PwkAQhjdGI4j-BdKjl-LOfrYXoyGgGCKJynmztlOo6Qd2WyL_3jYg0ZunyZt5552ZPIQMgY5AMn7z9DxZvixex7MR40L6wEeMAj8h_bYb-kxQOCV9yjT1ldCiRy6c-6CUagr6nPSYAKpDqfrkbtoUUZ2Whc283NZNZTvhlYlXr9HDL4yaOt2i53auxtyLmyotVp6NywxdhEWEl-QssZnDq0MdkOV08jZ-9OeLh9n4fu5HUqna10oDoGYQWy4CCGLkQQIoZRwlFCARSoeWtzqIAsEkDYVlVPEAJBWhQMsH5Hafu2nec4zb3XVlM7Op0txWO1Pa1PztFOnarMqt4TpkQrE24PoQUJWfDbra5Gn7QpbZAsvGGZASFAtY-A-rEFwwBSG0VrW3RlXpXIXJ8SKgpiNljqRMR8oANx2pdnD4-5_j2A8a_g3_v4_m</recordid><startdate>20131009</startdate><enddate>20131009</enddate><creator>Satterthwaite, Theodore D</creator><creator>Wolf, Daniel H</creator><creator>Erus, Guray</creator><creator>Ruparel, Kosha</creator><creator>Elliott, Mark A</creator><creator>Gennatas, Efstathios D</creator><creator>Hopson, Ryan</creator><creator>Jackson, Chad</creator><creator>Prabhakaran, Karthik</creator><creator>Bilker, Warren B</creator><creator>Calkins, Monica E</creator><creator>Loughead, James</creator><creator>Smith, Alex</creator><creator>Roalf, David R</creator><creator>Hakonarson, Hakon</creator><creator>Verma, Ragini</creator><creator>Davatzikos, Christos</creator><creator>Gur, Ruben C</creator><creator>Gur, Raquel E</creator><general>Society for Neuroscience</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131009</creationdate><title>Functional maturation of the executive system during adolescence</title><author>Satterthwaite, Theodore D ; 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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Brain - growth & development Brain - physiology Brain Mapping Child Executive Function - physiology Female Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Memory, Short-Term - physiology Young Adult |
| title | Functional maturation of the executive system during adolescence |
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