Statin therapy and levels of hemostatic factors in a healthy population: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Summary Background HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in healthy people. Statins reduce levels of inflammation biomarkers; however, the mechanism for the reduction in VTE risk is unknown. Aim In a large cohort of healthy people, we studied associat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis 2013-06, Vol.11 (6), p.1078-1084 |
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| creator | Adams, N. B. Lutsey, P. L. Folsom, A. R. Herrington, D. H. Sibley, C. T. Zakai, N. A. Ades, S. Burke, G. L. Cushman, M. |
| description | Summary
Background
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in healthy people. Statins reduce levels of inflammation biomarkers; however, the mechanism for the reduction in VTE risk is unknown.
Aim
In a large cohort of healthy people, we studied associations of statin use with plasma hemostatic factors related to VTE risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional analyses were performed in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort study of 6814 healthy men and women aged 45–84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline; 1001 were using statins at baseline. Twenty‐three warfarin users were excluded. Age, race and sex‐adjusted mean hemostatic factor levels were compared between statin users and non‐users, and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations of statin use with hemostatic factors, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy (in women), and major cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Participants using statins had lower adjusted levels of D‐dimer (− 9%), C‐reactive protein (− 21%) and factor VIII (− 3%) than non‐users (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jth.12223 |
| format | Article |
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Background
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in healthy people. Statins reduce levels of inflammation biomarkers; however, the mechanism for the reduction in VTE risk is unknown.
Aim
In a large cohort of healthy people, we studied associations of statin use with plasma hemostatic factors related to VTE risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional analyses were performed in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort study of 6814 healthy men and women aged 45–84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline; 1001 were using statins at baseline. Twenty‐three warfarin users were excluded. Age, race and sex‐adjusted mean hemostatic factor levels were compared between statin users and non‐users, and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations of statin use with hemostatic factors, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy (in women), and major cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Participants using statins had lower adjusted levels of D‐dimer (− 9%), C‐reactive protein (− 21%) and factor VIII (− 3%) than non‐users (P < 0.05). Homocysteine and von Willebrand factor levels were non‐significantly lower with statin use. Higher fibrinogen (2%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (22%) levels were observed among statin users than among non‐users (P < 0.05). Further adjustment for LDL and triglyceride levels did not attenuate the observed differences in these factors with statin use.
Conclusions
Findings of lower D‐dimer, FVIII and C‐reactive protein levels with statin use suggest hypotheses for mechanisms whereby statins might lower VTE risk. A prospective study or clinical trial linking these biochemical differences to VTE outcomes in statin users and non‐users is warranted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1538-7933</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1538-7836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-7836</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jth.12223</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23565981</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Limited</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atherosclerosis - blood ; Atherosclerosis - diagnosis ; Atherosclerosis - ethnology ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Blood Coagulation ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology ; Cohort Studies ; Factor VIII - metabolism ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products - metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; Hemostasis - physiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; risk factor ; Risk Factors ; statins ; Thrombin - metabolism ; thrombosis ; Venous Thromboembolism - blood ; Venous Thromboembolism - prevention & control</subject><ispartof>Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis, 2013-06, Vol.11 (6), p.1078-1084</ispartof><rights>2013 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis</rights><rights>2013 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4433-8ba39547a4501ca9a6814ea1c910b18f829e5a06567384e561270d07d26a85dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4433-8ba39547a4501ca9a6814ea1c910b18f829e5a06567384e561270d07d26a85dd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23565981$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Adams, N. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutsey, P. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Folsom, A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herrington, D. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, C. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakai, N. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ades, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, G. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cushman, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Statin therapy and levels of hemostatic factors in a healthy population: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis</title><title>Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis</title><addtitle>J Thromb Haemost</addtitle><description>Summary
Background
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in healthy people. Statins reduce levels of inflammation biomarkers; however, the mechanism for the reduction in VTE risk is unknown.
Aim
In a large cohort of healthy people, we studied associations of statin use with plasma hemostatic factors related to VTE risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional analyses were performed in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort study of 6814 healthy men and women aged 45–84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline; 1001 were using statins at baseline. Twenty‐three warfarin users were excluded. Age, race and sex‐adjusted mean hemostatic factor levels were compared between statin users and non‐users, and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations of statin use with hemostatic factors, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy (in women), and major cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Participants using statins had lower adjusted levels of D‐dimer (− 9%), C‐reactive protein (− 21%) and factor VIII (− 3%) than non‐users (P < 0.05). Homocysteine and von Willebrand factor levels were non‐significantly lower with statin use. Higher fibrinogen (2%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (22%) levels were observed among statin users than among non‐users (P < 0.05). Further adjustment for LDL and triglyceride levels did not attenuate the observed differences in these factors with statin use.
Conclusions
Findings of lower D‐dimer, FVIII and C‐reactive protein levels with statin use suggest hypotheses for mechanisms whereby statins might lower VTE risk. A prospective study or clinical trial linking these biochemical differences to VTE outcomes in statin users and non‐users is warranted.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - blood</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - ethnology</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Blood Coagulation</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Factor VIII - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products - metabolism</subject><subject>Fibrinolysis</subject><subject>Hemostasis - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>risk factor</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>statins</subject><subject>Thrombin - metabolism</subject><subject>thrombosis</subject><subject>Venous Thromboembolism - blood</subject><subject>Venous Thromboembolism - prevention & control</subject><issn>1538-7933</issn><issn>1538-7836</issn><issn>1538-7836</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctO3DAUhi3UqlzaBS9QWeqGLgZ8TWwWSAjR0grEArq2zjhOk5EnDrEDyq6PwDP2Sep0ALWV6oVt-Xz-dOwfoX1KDmkeR6vUHFLGGN9CO1RytSgVL1497zXn22g3xhUhVEtG3qBtxmUhtaI7KN0kSG2HU-MG6CcMXYW9u3c-4lDjxq1DnAGLa7ApDBFnFvI5-NRMuA_96HM5dMezAV-NPrU_fzyep6bLd27SWE2z53TWh2j9PLfxLXpdg4_u3dO6h759Or89u1hcXn_-cnZ6ubBCcL5QS-BaihKEJNSChkJR4YBaTcmSqlox7SSQQhYlV8LJgrKSVKSsWAFKVhXfQycbbz8u166yrksDeNMP7RqGyQRozd-Vrm3M93BveElYwVUWHDwJhnA3upjMuo3WeQ-dC2M0lGslmNBKZvTDP-gqjEOXn2eoKBmhiqoyUx83lM0fEQdXvzRDiZmzNDlL8zvLzL7_s_sX8jm8DBxtgIfWu-n_JvP19mKj_AXV46qg</recordid><startdate>201306</startdate><enddate>201306</enddate><creator>Adams, N. B.</creator><creator>Lutsey, P. L.</creator><creator>Folsom, A. R.</creator><creator>Herrington, D. H.</creator><creator>Sibley, C. T.</creator><creator>Zakai, N. A.</creator><creator>Ades, S.</creator><creator>Burke, G. L.</creator><creator>Cushman, M.</creator><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201306</creationdate><title>Statin therapy and levels of hemostatic factors in a healthy population: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis</title><author>Adams, N. B. ; Lutsey, P. L. ; Folsom, A. R. ; Herrington, D. H. ; Sibley, C. T. ; Zakai, N. A. ; Ades, S. ; Burke, G. L. ; Cushman, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4433-8ba39547a4501ca9a6814ea1c910b18f829e5a06567384e561270d07d26a85dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - blood</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - ethnology</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Blood Coagulation</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Factor VIII - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products - metabolism</topic><topic>Fibrinolysis</topic><topic>Hemostasis - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>inflammation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>risk factor</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>statins</topic><topic>Thrombin - metabolism</topic><topic>thrombosis</topic><topic>Venous Thromboembolism - blood</topic><topic>Venous Thromboembolism - prevention & control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Adams, N. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lutsey, P. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Folsom, A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herrington, D. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, C. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakai, N. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ades, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, G. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cushman, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Adams, N. B.</au><au>Lutsey, P. L.</au><au>Folsom, A. R.</au><au>Herrington, D. H.</au><au>Sibley, C. T.</au><au>Zakai, N. A.</au><au>Ades, S.</au><au>Burke, G. L.</au><au>Cushman, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Statin therapy and levels of hemostatic factors in a healthy population: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis</jtitle><addtitle>J Thromb Haemost</addtitle><date>2013-06</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1078</spage><epage>1084</epage><pages>1078-1084</pages><issn>1538-7933</issn><issn>1538-7836</issn><eissn>1538-7836</eissn><abstract>Summary
Background
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in healthy people. Statins reduce levels of inflammation biomarkers; however, the mechanism for the reduction in VTE risk is unknown.
Aim
In a large cohort of healthy people, we studied associations of statin use with plasma hemostatic factors related to VTE risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional analyses were performed in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort study of 6814 healthy men and women aged 45–84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline; 1001 were using statins at baseline. Twenty‐three warfarin users were excluded. Age, race and sex‐adjusted mean hemostatic factor levels were compared between statin users and non‐users, and multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations of statin use with hemostatic factors, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, aspirin use, hormone replacement therapy (in women), and major cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Participants using statins had lower adjusted levels of D‐dimer (− 9%), C‐reactive protein (− 21%) and factor VIII (− 3%) than non‐users (P < 0.05). Homocysteine and von Willebrand factor levels were non‐significantly lower with statin use. Higher fibrinogen (2%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (22%) levels were observed among statin users than among non‐users (P < 0.05). Further adjustment for LDL and triglyceride levels did not attenuate the observed differences in these factors with statin use.
Conclusions
Findings of lower D‐dimer, FVIII and C‐reactive protein levels with statin use suggest hypotheses for mechanisms whereby statins might lower VTE risk. A prospective study or clinical trial linking these biochemical differences to VTE outcomes in statin users and non‐users is warranted.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Limited</pub><pmid>23565981</pmid><doi>10.1111/jth.12223</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Atherosclerosis - blood Atherosclerosis - diagnosis Atherosclerosis - ethnology Biomarkers - metabolism Blood Coagulation C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases - blood Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology Cohort Studies Factor VIII - metabolism Female Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products - metabolism Fibrinolysis Hemostasis - physiology Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology inflammation Male Middle Aged risk factor Risk Factors statins Thrombin - metabolism thrombosis Venous Thromboembolism - blood Venous Thromboembolism - prevention & control |
| title | Statin therapy and levels of hemostatic factors in a healthy population: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis |
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