IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular cancer 2013-04, Vol.12 (1), p.26-26 |
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| creator | Chen, Miao-Fen Chen, Ping-Tsung Lu, Ming Shian Lin, Paul Yang Chen, Wen-Cheng Lee, Kuan-Der |
| description | The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, and examined the correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the human esophageal SCC cell line CE81T was selected for cellular and animal experiments to investigate changes in tumor behavior and treatment response after manipulation of IL-6 expression.
In clinical outcome analysis, positive IL-6 staining and poor treatment response was significantly associated with shorter survival. Furthermore, the frequency of IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in esophageal cancer specimens than in non-malignant epithelium, and this staining was positively linked to the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.0003) and lower treatment response rates (p = 0.0001).By ELISA analysis, IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients developing disease failure.When IL-6 expression was inhibited, aggressive tumor behavior and radiation resistance could be overcome in vitro and in vivo. The underlying changes included increased cell death, less epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated STAT3 activation. IL-6 inhibition was also associated with attenuated angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice.
IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1476-4598-12-26 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3667147</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A534664587</galeid><sourcerecordid>A534664587</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b613t-c0f246c3a3fa3ea7984bd34575027e8a453028e20a1a4e9ed8f2f94245a4fd493</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1Uk1P3DAQtVBRodAzt8pSz4H4I05yqUQRLUgrcYGzNeuMd40SO9hJ1f57vFq6sBLIB4_mvXl68zSEnLHynLFGXTBZq0JWbVMwXnB1QI53nU9v6iPyJaXHsmR1U8vP5IiLSjHB22NibheFovh3jJiSC57monNmSnSKCNOAfqIZGoNPSMF3NMyTCQNS52l6mmEIc6IG-54aiMb5MAANlk5rpJjCuIbVnE7JoYU-4deX_4Q8_Lq-v7opFne_b68uF8Uym5kKU1oulREgLAiEum3kshOyqquS19iArETJG-QlMJDYYtdYblvJZQXSdrIVJ-THVneclwN2JnuP0OsxugHiPx3A6X3Eu7VehT9aKFXnrLLAz63A0oUPBPaRnITehKw3IWvGNVdZ5PuLixieZkyTfgxz9HlxzYSSijHOxStrBT1q523IgmZwyejLSkilZNVsDJ2_w8qvw8GZ4NG63N8buNgOmBhSimh35lmpNxfzjt1vb0Pb8f-fiHgGwmu8iQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1364611223</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><creator>Chen, Miao-Fen ; Chen, Ping-Tsung ; Lu, Ming Shian ; Lin, Paul Yang ; Chen, Wen-Cheng ; Lee, Kuan-Der</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Miao-Fen ; Chen, Ping-Tsung ; Lu, Ming Shian ; Lin, Paul Yang ; Chen, Wen-Cheng ; Lee, Kuan-Der</creatorcontrib><description>The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, and examined the correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the human esophageal SCC cell line CE81T was selected for cellular and animal experiments to investigate changes in tumor behavior and treatment response after manipulation of IL-6 expression.
In clinical outcome analysis, positive IL-6 staining and poor treatment response was significantly associated with shorter survival. Furthermore, the frequency of IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in esophageal cancer specimens than in non-malignant epithelium, and this staining was positively linked to the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.0003) and lower treatment response rates (p = 0.0001).By ELISA analysis, IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients developing disease failure.When IL-6 expression was inhibited, aggressive tumor behavior and radiation resistance could be overcome in vitro and in vivo. The underlying changes included increased cell death, less epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated STAT3 activation. IL-6 inhibition was also associated with attenuated angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice.
IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1476-4598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-26</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23561329</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Analysis ; Angiogenesis ; Animal behavior ; Animal experimentation ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cancer therapies ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - mortality ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy ; Cell culture ; Cell death ; Cell growth ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colleges & universities ; Cytokines ; Development and progression ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; DNA damage ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics ; Esophageal cancer ; Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms - metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy ; Gene Expression ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Interleukin-6 - genetics ; Interleukin-6 - metabolism ; Metastasis ; Methods ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate analysis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Oncology ; Patient outcomes ; Patients ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Radiation therapy ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumors ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays</subject><ispartof>Molecular cancer, 2013-04, Vol.12 (1), p.26-26</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2013 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b613t-c0f246c3a3fa3ea7984bd34575027e8a453028e20a1a4e9ed8f2f94245a4fd493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b613t-c0f246c3a3fa3ea7984bd34575027e8a453028e20a1a4e9ed8f2f94245a4fd493</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667147/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667147/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23561329$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Miao-Fen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ping-Tsung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Ming Shian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Paul Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kuan-Der</creatorcontrib><title>IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus</title><title>Molecular cancer</title><addtitle>Mol Cancer</addtitle><description>The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, and examined the correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the human esophageal SCC cell line CE81T was selected for cellular and animal experiments to investigate changes in tumor behavior and treatment response after manipulation of IL-6 expression.
In clinical outcome analysis, positive IL-6 staining and poor treatment response was significantly associated with shorter survival. Furthermore, the frequency of IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in esophageal cancer specimens than in non-malignant epithelium, and this staining was positively linked to the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.0003) and lower treatment response rates (p = 0.0001).By ELISA analysis, IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients developing disease failure.When IL-6 expression was inhibited, aggressive tumor behavior and radiation resistance could be overcome in vitro and in vivo. The underlying changes included increased cell death, less epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated STAT3 activation. IL-6 inhibition was also associated with attenuated angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice.
IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal experimentation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - mortality</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Colleges & universities</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics</subject><subject>Esophageal cancer</subject><subject>Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Esophageal Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - genetics</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Neoplasm Invasiveness</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays</subject><issn>1476-4598</issn><issn>1476-4598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1Uk1P3DAQtVBRodAzt8pSz4H4I05yqUQRLUgrcYGzNeuMd40SO9hJ1f57vFq6sBLIB4_mvXl68zSEnLHynLFGXTBZq0JWbVMwXnB1QI53nU9v6iPyJaXHsmR1U8vP5IiLSjHB22NibheFovh3jJiSC57monNmSnSKCNOAfqIZGoNPSMF3NMyTCQNS52l6mmEIc6IG-54aiMb5MAANlk5rpJjCuIbVnE7JoYU-4deX_4Q8_Lq-v7opFne_b68uF8Uym5kKU1oulREgLAiEum3kshOyqquS19iArETJG-QlMJDYYtdYblvJZQXSdrIVJ-THVneclwN2JnuP0OsxugHiPx3A6X3Eu7VehT9aKFXnrLLAz63A0oUPBPaRnITehKw3IWvGNVdZ5PuLixieZkyTfgxz9HlxzYSSijHOxStrBT1q523IgmZwyejLSkilZNVsDJ2_w8qvw8GZ4NG63N8buNgOmBhSimh35lmpNxfzjt1vb0Pb8f-fiHgGwmu8iQ</recordid><startdate>20130405</startdate><enddate>20130405</enddate><creator>Chen, Miao-Fen</creator><creator>Chen, Ping-Tsung</creator><creator>Lu, Ming Shian</creator><creator>Lin, Paul Yang</creator><creator>Chen, Wen-Cheng</creator><creator>Lee, Kuan-Der</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130405</creationdate><title>IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus</title><author>Chen, Miao-Fen ; Chen, Ping-Tsung ; Lu, Ming Shian ; Lin, Paul Yang ; Chen, Wen-Cheng ; Lee, Kuan-Der</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b613t-c0f246c3a3fa3ea7984bd34575027e8a453028e20a1a4e9ed8f2f94245a4fd493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animal experimentation</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - mortality</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy</topic><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Colleges & universities</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics</topic><topic>Esophageal cancer</topic><topic>Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Esophageal Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - genetics</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Neoplasm Invasiveness</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Patient outcomes</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Radiation therapy</topic><topic>Squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Miao-Fen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ping-Tsung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Ming Shian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Paul Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kuan-Der</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Molecular cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Miao-Fen</au><au>Chen, Ping-Tsung</au><au>Lu, Ming Shian</au><au>Lin, Paul Yang</au><au>Chen, Wen-Cheng</au><au>Lee, Kuan-Der</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus</atitle><jtitle>Molecular cancer</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Cancer</addtitle><date>2013-04-05</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>26</spage><epage>26</epage><pages>26-26</pages><issn>1476-4598</issn><eissn>1476-4598</eissn><abstract>The identification of potential tumor markers can improve therapeutic planning and patient management. The aim of this study was to highlight the significance of IL-6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 173 patients with esophageal SCC, and examined the correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients. Furthermore, the human esophageal SCC cell line CE81T was selected for cellular and animal experiments to investigate changes in tumor behavior and treatment response after manipulation of IL-6 expression.
In clinical outcome analysis, positive IL-6 staining and poor treatment response was significantly associated with shorter survival. Furthermore, the frequency of IL-6 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in esophageal cancer specimens than in non-malignant epithelium, and this staining was positively linked to the development of distant metastasis (p = 0.0003) and lower treatment response rates (p = 0.0001).By ELISA analysis, IL-6 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients developing disease failure.When IL-6 expression was inhibited, aggressive tumor behavior and radiation resistance could be overcome in vitro and in vivo. The underlying changes included increased cell death, less epithelial-mesenchymal transition and attenuated STAT3 activation. IL-6 inhibition was also associated with attenuated angiogenesis in tumor-bearing mice.
IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>23561329</pmid><doi>10.1186/1476-4598-12-26</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Analysis Angiogenesis Animal behavior Animal experimentation Animals Apoptosis Cancer therapies Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - mortality Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - therapy Cell culture Cell death Cell growth Cell Line, Tumor Colleges & universities Cytokines Development and progression Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression DNA damage Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics Esophageal cancer Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics Esophageal Neoplasms - metabolism Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy Gene Expression Hospitals Humans Interleukin-6 - blood Interleukin-6 - genetics Interleukin-6 - metabolism Metastasis Methods Mice Middle Aged Multivariate analysis Neoplasm Invasiveness Oncology Patient outcomes Patients Prognosis Proteins Radiation therapy Squamous cell carcinoma Surgery Treatment Outcome Tumors Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays |
| title | IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus |
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