Functional Assays of Local Connectivity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Individuals with Autism
Emerging evidence for differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals in somatic processing and brain response to touch suggests somatosensory cortex as a promising substrate for elucidating differences in functional brain connectivity between in...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Autism research 2013-06, Vol.6 (3), p.190-200 |
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description | Emerging evidence for differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals in somatic processing and brain response to touch suggests somatosensory cortex as a promising substrate for elucidating differences in functional brain connectivity between individuals with and without autism. Signals from adjacent digits project to neighboring locations or representations in somatosensory cortex. When a digit is stimulated, i.e. touched, its representation in cortex is directly activated; local intracortical connections indirectly activate nonprimary cortical representations corresponding to adjacent digits. The response of the nonprimary cortical representations is thus a proxy for connection strength. Local overconnectivity in autism implies that the nonprimary/primary response ratios of the ASD group will be higher than those of the NT group. D1 and D2 of the dominant hand of the participant were individually stimulated while we recorded neural responses using magnetoencephalography. The cortical representations of D1 and D2 (somatosensory‐evoked fields) were computed from the ensemble‐averaged data using (a) dipole model fits and (b) singular value decomposition. Individual adjacent/primary response ratios were measured, and group response ratio data were fitted with straight lines. Local overconnectivity in autism implies steeper ASD vs. NT group slopes. Our findings did not support local overconnectivity. Slopes were found to be significantly shallower for the ASD group than the NT group. Our findings support the idea of local underconnectivity in the somatosensory cortex of the brains of individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2013, 6: 190–200. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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Signals from adjacent digits project to neighboring locations or representations in somatosensory cortex. When a digit is stimulated, i.e. touched, its representation in cortex is directly activated; local intracortical connections indirectly activate nonprimary cortical representations corresponding to adjacent digits. The response of the nonprimary cortical representations is thus a proxy for connection strength. Local overconnectivity in autism implies that the nonprimary/primary response ratios of the ASD group will be higher than those of the NT group. D1 and D2 of the dominant hand of the participant were individually stimulated while we recorded neural responses using magnetoencephalography. The cortical representations of D1 and D2 (somatosensory‐evoked fields) were computed from the ensemble‐averaged data using (a) dipole model fits and (b) singular value decomposition. Individual adjacent/primary response ratios were measured, and group response ratio data were fitted with straight lines. Local overconnectivity in autism implies steeper ASD vs. NT group slopes. Our findings did not support local overconnectivity. Slopes were found to be significantly shallower for the ASD group than the NT group. Our findings support the idea of local underconnectivity in the somatosensory cortex of the brains of individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2013, 6: 190–200. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1939-3792</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-3806</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/aur.1276</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23427110</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - physiopathology ; connectivity ; cortical inhibition ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Fingers ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; local excitation ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; MEG ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Inhibition ; Neural Pathways - physiopathology ; Regression Analysis ; Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology ; somatotopy ; tactile ; Touch</subject><ispartof>Autism research, 2013-06, Vol.6 (3), p.190-200</ispartof><rights>2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5096-a1ceab2c2d708beabf9a27fdff2fad08a95cdb1c98797a1d3ab7e4c0eb3d1ffc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5096-a1ceab2c2d708beabf9a27fdff2fad08a95cdb1c98797a1d3ab7e4c0eb3d1ffc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Faur.1276$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Faur.1276$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427110$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Coskun, Mehmet Akif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loveland, Katherine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearson, Deborah A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papanicolaou, Andrew C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheth, Bhavin R.</creatorcontrib><title>Functional Assays of Local Connectivity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Individuals with Autism</title><title>Autism research</title><addtitle>Autism Res</addtitle><description>Emerging evidence for differences between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals in somatic processing and brain response to touch suggests somatosensory cortex as a promising substrate for elucidating differences in functional brain connectivity between individuals with and without autism. Signals from adjacent digits project to neighboring locations or representations in somatosensory cortex. When a digit is stimulated, i.e. touched, its representation in cortex is directly activated; local intracortical connections indirectly activate nonprimary cortical representations corresponding to adjacent digits. The response of the nonprimary cortical representations is thus a proxy for connection strength. Local overconnectivity in autism implies that the nonprimary/primary response ratios of the ASD group will be higher than those of the NT group. D1 and D2 of the dominant hand of the participant were individually stimulated while we recorded neural responses using magnetoencephalography. The cortical representations of D1 and D2 (somatosensory‐evoked fields) were computed from the ensemble‐averaged data using (a) dipole model fits and (b) singular value decomposition. Individual adjacent/primary response ratios were measured, and group response ratio data were fitted with straight lines. Local overconnectivity in autism implies steeper ASD vs. NT group slopes. Our findings did not support local overconnectivity. Slopes were found to be significantly shallower for the ASD group than the NT group. Our findings support the idea of local underconnectivity in the somatosensory cortex of the brains of individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2013, 6: 190–200. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - physiopathology</subject><subject>connectivity</subject><subject>cortical inhibition</subject><subject>Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fingers</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>local excitation</subject><subject>Magnetoencephalography</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MEG</subject><subject>Models, Neurological</subject><subject>Neural Inhibition</subject><subject>Neural Pathways - physiopathology</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>somatotopy</subject><subject>tactile</subject><subject>Touch</subject><issn>1939-3792</issn><issn>1939-3806</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkVtrFDEYhoMo9qDgL5ABb7yZmsNOMrkRtqutlUWhttQrQyYHN3UmqUmm7fx7s3a7HkDwKl_yPXn4kheAZwgeIAjxKznGA4QZfQB2ESe8Ji2kD-9rxvEO2EvpEkIKSYMfgx1MZpghBHfBl6PRq-yCl301T0lOqQq2WgZV9ovgvSnNa5enyvkqr0z1KQwyh2R8CnEqRMzmdn3jxOvC6VH2qbpxeVXNx-zS8AQ8suXIPN2s--D86O3Z4l29_Hh8spgva9VATmuJlJEdVlgz2HaltFxiZrW12EoNW8kbpTukeMs4k0gT2TEzU9B0RCNrFdkHr--8V2M3GK2Mz1H24iq6QcZJBOnEnx3vVuJruBaEUsRQUwQvN4IYvo8mZTG4pEzfS2_CmASacdryBtH_QAnlDFHe0oK--Au9DGMsf_2TYk3LKJv9EqoYUorGbudGUKzzFSVfsc63oM9_f-cWvA-0APUdcON6M_1TJObnpxvhhnepJLnlZfwmKCOsERcfjsXF6fs3nw8pFmfkB1tkwQY</recordid><startdate>201306</startdate><enddate>201306</enddate><creator>Coskun, Mehmet Akif</creator><creator>Loveland, Katherine A.</creator><creator>Pearson, Deborah A.</creator><creator>Papanicolaou, Andrew C.</creator><creator>Sheth, Bhavin R.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201306</creationdate><title>Functional Assays of Local Connectivity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Individuals with Autism</title><author>Coskun, Mehmet Akif ; 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Signals from adjacent digits project to neighboring locations or representations in somatosensory cortex. When a digit is stimulated, i.e. touched, its representation in cortex is directly activated; local intracortical connections indirectly activate nonprimary cortical representations corresponding to adjacent digits. The response of the nonprimary cortical representations is thus a proxy for connection strength. Local overconnectivity in autism implies that the nonprimary/primary response ratios of the ASD group will be higher than those of the NT group. D1 and D2 of the dominant hand of the participant were individually stimulated while we recorded neural responses using magnetoencephalography. The cortical representations of D1 and D2 (somatosensory‐evoked fields) were computed from the ensemble‐averaged data using (a) dipole model fits and (b) singular value decomposition. Individual adjacent/primary response ratios were measured, and group response ratio data were fitted with straight lines. Local overconnectivity in autism implies steeper ASD vs. NT group slopes. Our findings did not support local overconnectivity. Slopes were found to be significantly shallower for the ASD group than the NT group. Our findings support the idea of local underconnectivity in the somatosensory cortex of the brains of individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2013, 6: 190–200. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23427110</pmid><doi>10.1002/aur.1276</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - physiopathology connectivity cortical inhibition Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory Female Fingers Homeostasis Humans local excitation Magnetoencephalography Male MEG Models, Neurological Neural Inhibition Neural Pathways - physiopathology Regression Analysis Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology somatotopy tactile Touch |
title | Functional Assays of Local Connectivity in the Somatosensory Cortex of Individuals with Autism |
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