Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers

Difficulty monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana (MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of whit...

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Veröffentlicht in:Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2011-06, Vol.19 (3), p.231-242
Hauptverfasser: Gruber, Staci A., Silveri, Marisa M., Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn, Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah
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container_title Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
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creator Gruber, Staci A.
Silveri, Marisa M.
Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn
Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah
description Difficulty monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana (MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6 locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15 NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the inability to discontinue use.
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source MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Age of Onset
Anisotropy
Brain - pathology
Brain Mapping
Chronicity (Disorders)
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Drug Usage
Female
Human
Humans
Impulsive Behavior - psychology
Impulsiveness
Male
Marijuana
Marijuana Abuse - psychology
Neuroimaging
Onset (Disorders)
Response Inhibition
White Matter
Young Adult
title Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers
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