Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers
Difficulty monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana (MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of whit...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2011-06, Vol.19 (3), p.231-242 |
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creator | Gruber, Staci A. Silveri, Marisa M. Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah |
description | Difficulty
monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana
(MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ
smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor
imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the
microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity
measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would
demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different
association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking
control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional
coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6
locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15
NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity
Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ
smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right
genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale
scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA
values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal
FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report
of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with
measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in
reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased
impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the
inability to discontinue use. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0023034 |
format | Article |
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monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana
(MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ
smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor
imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the
microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity
measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would
demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different
association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking
control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional
coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6
locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15
NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity
Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ
smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right
genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale
scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA
values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal
FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report
of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with
measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in
reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased
impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the
inability to discontinue use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1064-1297</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1936-2293</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/a0023034</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21480730</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Anisotropy ; Brain - pathology ; Brain Mapping ; Chronicity (Disorders) ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Drug Usage ; Female ; Human ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior - psychology ; Impulsiveness ; Male ; Marijuana ; Marijuana Abuse - psychology ; Neuroimaging ; Onset (Disorders) ; Response Inhibition ; White Matter ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2011-06, Vol.19 (3), p.231-242</ispartof><rights>2011 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2011, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2011 American Psychological Association 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a434t-c3d5e83fd93fd6e3e68cf4a74888689c99d5ae615b661f2d2850f084dc4032453</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480730$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mello, Nancy K</contributor><creatorcontrib>Gruber, Staci A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silveri, Marisa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah</creatorcontrib><title>Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers</title><title>Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology</title><addtitle>Exp Clin Psychopharmacol</addtitle><description>Difficulty
monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana
(MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ
smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor
imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the
microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity
measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would
demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different
association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking
control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional
coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6
locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15
NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity
Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ
smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right
genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale
scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA
values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal
FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report
of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with
measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in
reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased
impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the
inability to discontinue use.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age of Onset</subject><subject>Anisotropy</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain Mapping</subject><subject>Chronicity (Disorders)</subject><subject>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</subject><subject>Drug Usage</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Impulsiveness</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Marijuana Abuse - psychology</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Onset (Disorders)</subject><subject>Response Inhibition</subject><subject>White Matter</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1064-1297</issn><issn>1936-2293</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkV1LHDEYhYNU1GrBXyChV4UyNV-TSW5alqUfguKFlr0Mr5mMk-3sZJpkhP33RlaX9iLJC3nOeQ8chM4p-UIJby6BEMYJFwfohGouK8Y0f1dmIkVFmW6O0fuU1oRQwTU7QseMCkUaTk7Q46rf4ruArzbTPCT_5L7hVe-zwzeQs4t4MZQbsg9jwovo8CKlYD1k1-KVz_1e5_MW-xEv-xhGb4s6-vUMI-C7TfjjYjpDhx0MyX14fU_R7x_f75e_quvbn1fLxXUFgotcWd7WTvGu1eVIx51UthPQCKWUVNpq3dbgJK0fpKQda5mqSUeUaK0gnIman6KvO99pfti41roxRxjMFP0G4tYE8Ob_n9H35jE8GS5rLZgoBh9fDWL4O7uUzTrMcSyZjZK0UZJJWqBPO8jGkFJ03X4BJealEfPWSEEv_g20B98qKMDnHQATmCltLcTs7eCSnWMsIc3Ug6HacMM45c9j25Zi</recordid><startdate>20110601</startdate><enddate>20110601</enddate><creator>Gruber, Staci A.</creator><creator>Silveri, Marisa M.</creator><creator>Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn</creator><creator>Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110601</creationdate><title>Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers</title><author>Gruber, Staci A. ; Silveri, Marisa M. ; Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn ; Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a434t-c3d5e83fd93fd6e3e68cf4a74888689c99d5ae615b661f2d2850f084dc4032453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age of Onset</topic><topic>Anisotropy</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Brain Mapping</topic><topic>Chronicity (Disorders)</topic><topic>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</topic><topic>Drug Usage</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Impulsiveness</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Marijuana Abuse - psychology</topic><topic>Neuroimaging</topic><topic>Onset (Disorders)</topic><topic>Response Inhibition</topic><topic>White Matter</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gruber, Staci A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silveri, Marisa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gruber, Staci A.</au><au>Silveri, Marisa M.</au><au>Dahlgren, Mary Kathryn</au><au>Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah</au><au>Mello, Nancy K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers</atitle><jtitle>Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Exp Clin Psychopharmacol</addtitle><date>2011-06-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>231</spage><epage>242</epage><pages>231-242</pages><issn>1064-1297</issn><eissn>1936-2293</eissn><abstract>Difficulty
monitoring and inhibiting impulsive behaviors has been reported in marijuana
(MJ) smokers; neuroimaging studies, which examined frontal systems in chronic MJ
smokers, have reported alterations during inhibitory tasks. Diffusion tensor
imaging (DTI) provides a quantitative estimate of white matter integrity at the
microstructural level. We applied DTI, clinical ratings, and impulsivity
measures to explore the hypotheses that chronic, heavy MJ smokers would
demonstrate alterations in white matter microstructure and a different
association between white matter measures and impulsivity relative to nonsmoking
control subjects (NS). Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional
coherence, and trace, a measure of overall diffusivity, were calculated for 6
locations including bilateral frontal regions in 15 chronic MJ smokers and 15
NS. Subjects completed clinical rating scales, including the Barratt Impulsivity
Scale (BIS). Analyses revealed significant reductions in left frontal FA in MJ
smokers relative to NS and significantly higher levels of trace in the right
genu. MJ smokers also had significantly higher BIS total and motor subscale
scores relative to NS, which were positively correlated with left frontal FA
values. Finally, age of onset of MJ use was positively correlated with frontal
FA values and inversely related to trace. These data represent the first report
of significant alterations in frontal white matter tracts associated with
measures of impulsivity in chronic MJ smokers. Early MJ use may result in
reduced FA and increased diffusivity, which may be associated with increased
impulsivity, and ultimately contribute to the initiation of MJ use or the
inability to discontinue use.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>21480730</pmid><doi>10.1037/a0023034</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES |
subjects | Adolescent Adult Age of Onset Anisotropy Brain - pathology Brain Mapping Chronicity (Disorders) Diffusion Tensor Imaging Drug Usage Female Human Humans Impulsive Behavior - psychology Impulsiveness Male Marijuana Marijuana Abuse - psychology Neuroimaging Onset (Disorders) Response Inhibition White Matter Young Adult |
title | Why So Impulsive? White Matter Alterations Are Associated With Impulsivity in Chronic Marijuana Smokers |
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