Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals
Objectives Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in HIV infection. As pre‐existing damage may increase the risk of neuropathy following antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, particularly when the regimen contains...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | HIV medicine 2012-11, Vol.13 (10), p.602-608 |
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| creator | Shikuma, CM Gerschenson, M Ananworanich, J Valcour, VG Teeratakulpisarn, N Jadwattanakul, T DeGruttola, V Liang, C‐Y McArthur, JC Ebenezer, GJ Chomchey, N Praihirunkit, P Hongchookiath, P Mathajittiphun, P Nakamoto, B Hauer, P Phanuphak, P Phanuphak, N |
| description | Objectives
Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in HIV infection. As pre‐existing damage may increase the risk of neuropathy following antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, particularly when the regimen contains stavudine (d4T), we assessed the relationship between ENFD and various parameters including mitochondrial factors in HIV‐infected Thai individuals naïve to ARV therapy.
Methods
Distal leg and proximal thigh ENFDs were quantified in HIV‐infected Thai individuals without neuropathy prior to randomization to a HIV clinical trial that focused on mitochondrial toxicity issues. We assessed their association with various clinical and immunovirological parameters as well as with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies/cell, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) enzyme activities, and mt 8‐oxo‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG) break frequencies.
Results
In 132 subjects, the median (interquartile range) ENFD (fibres/mm) values were 21.0 (16.2–26.6) for the distal leg and 31.7 (26.2–40.0) for the proximal thigh. By linear regression, lower CD4 count (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01024.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3654839</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1125237717</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5074-7eabe9b09d47655853602405b3a479e22a30cd0ec305ce3320452b0e11f7966b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUtu2zAQhomiQR5urlBo2Y0UvmktUqDIywECdJN0S1DUqKUhUw4pO_YuR8hNcojcpCcpZbtGuws3M-T883PID6GM4IKkdTYtCJfjnNCSFRQTWmCCKS9WH9DxvvBxk_OcSkmP0EmMU4yJYiU-REeUCsUlJcfIXkIPYea88X3MuiaDuavTgWkzD2EJWeOqAFkNPrp-nTmfJaEL0Idu6YJpfz-_ePP2moST2x9p43wDtoc6KWu3dPXCtPETOmhSgNNdHKGH66v7i0l-9_3m9uLbXW4FVjxXYCooK1zWXEkhxoLJ9CgsKma4KoFSw7CtMViGhQXGKOaCVhgIaVQpZcVG6OvWd76oZlBb8H2aUM-Dm5mw1p1x-v-Kd7_0z26pmRR8zMpk8GVnELrHBcRez1y00LbGQ7eImhAqKFMqfeMIjbdSG7oYAzT7awjWAyM91QMKPaDQAyO9YaRXqfXzv2PuG_9CSYLzreDJtbB-t7FOBIaM_QHkgqRb</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1125237717</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals</title><source>Wiley Free Content</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Shikuma, CM ; Gerschenson, M ; Ananworanich, J ; Valcour, VG ; Teeratakulpisarn, N ; Jadwattanakul, T ; DeGruttola, V ; Liang, C‐Y ; McArthur, JC ; Ebenezer, GJ ; Chomchey, N ; Praihirunkit, P ; Hongchookiath, P ; Mathajittiphun, P ; Nakamoto, B ; Hauer, P ; Phanuphak, P ; Phanuphak, N</creator><creatorcontrib>Shikuma, CM ; Gerschenson, M ; Ananworanich, J ; Valcour, VG ; Teeratakulpisarn, N ; Jadwattanakul, T ; DeGruttola, V ; Liang, C‐Y ; McArthur, JC ; Ebenezer, GJ ; Chomchey, N ; Praihirunkit, P ; Hongchookiath, P ; Mathajittiphun, P ; Nakamoto, B ; Hauer, P ; Phanuphak, P ; Phanuphak, N ; SEARCH 003 protocol team ; the SEARCH 003 protocol team</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in HIV infection. As pre‐existing damage may increase the risk of neuropathy following antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, particularly when the regimen contains stavudine (d4T), we assessed the relationship between ENFD and various parameters including mitochondrial factors in HIV‐infected Thai individuals naïve to ARV therapy.
Methods
Distal leg and proximal thigh ENFDs were quantified in HIV‐infected Thai individuals without neuropathy prior to randomization to a HIV clinical trial that focused on mitochondrial toxicity issues. We assessed their association with various clinical and immunovirological parameters as well as with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies/cell, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) enzyme activities, and mt 8‐oxo‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG) break frequencies.
Results
In 132 subjects, the median (interquartile range) ENFD (fibres/mm) values were 21.0 (16.2–26.6) for the distal leg and 31.7 (26.2–40.0) for the proximal thigh. By linear regression, lower CD4 count (P < 0.01), older age (P < 0.01), increased body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04), increased height (P = 0.02), and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity as measured by CIV activity (P = 0.02) were associated with lower distal leg ENFD.
Conclusions
Older age, increased height, higher BMI, poorer immunological status and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity are associated with lower distal leg ENFD in HIV‐infected subjects free of neuropathy prior to initiation of first‐time ARV therapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1464-2662</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-1293</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01024.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22574621</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age Distribution ; Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects ; antiretroviral naïve ; Antiviral agents ; Body Mass Index ; CD4 antigen ; Clinical trials ; Cytochrome-c oxidase ; DNA ; Electron transport chain ; Enzymes ; epidermal nerve fibre density ; Female ; Geriatrics ; HIV ; HIV Seropositivity - drug therapy ; HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology ; HIV Seropositivity - physiopathology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Infection ; Leg ; Male ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nerve Fibers - pathology ; Nerves ; Neuropathy ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes - epidemiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes - physiopathology ; Oxidative phosphorylation ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - chemically induced ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - epidemiology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology ; Polyneuropathies - epidemiology ; Polyneuropathies - etiology ; Polyneuropathies - physiopathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Stavudine ; Stavudine - adverse effects ; Thailand - epidemiology ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>HIV medicine, 2012-11, Vol.13 (10), p.602-608</ispartof><rights>2012 British HIV Association</rights><rights>2012 British HIV Association.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5074-7eabe9b09d47655853602405b3a479e22a30cd0ec305ce3320452b0e11f7966b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5074-7eabe9b09d47655853602405b3a479e22a30cd0ec305ce3320452b0e11f7966b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1468-1293.2012.01024.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1468-1293.2012.01024.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22574621$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shikuma, CM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerschenson, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ananworanich, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valcour, VG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teeratakulpisarn, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadwattanakul, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeGruttola, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, C‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McArthur, JC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebenezer, GJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chomchey, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Praihirunkit, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hongchookiath, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathajittiphun, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamoto, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hauer, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phanuphak, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phanuphak, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SEARCH 003 protocol team</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the SEARCH 003 protocol team</creatorcontrib><title>Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals</title><title>HIV medicine</title><addtitle>HIV Med</addtitle><description>Objectives
Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in HIV infection. As pre‐existing damage may increase the risk of neuropathy following antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, particularly when the regimen contains stavudine (d4T), we assessed the relationship between ENFD and various parameters including mitochondrial factors in HIV‐infected Thai individuals naïve to ARV therapy.
Methods
Distal leg and proximal thigh ENFDs were quantified in HIV‐infected Thai individuals without neuropathy prior to randomization to a HIV clinical trial that focused on mitochondrial toxicity issues. We assessed their association with various clinical and immunovirological parameters as well as with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies/cell, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) enzyme activities, and mt 8‐oxo‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG) break frequencies.
Results
In 132 subjects, the median (interquartile range) ENFD (fibres/mm) values were 21.0 (16.2–26.6) for the distal leg and 31.7 (26.2–40.0) for the proximal thigh. By linear regression, lower CD4 count (P < 0.01), older age (P < 0.01), increased body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04), increased height (P = 0.02), and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity as measured by CIV activity (P = 0.02) were associated with lower distal leg ENFD.
Conclusions
Older age, increased height, higher BMI, poorer immunological status and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity are associated with lower distal leg ENFD in HIV‐infected subjects free of neuropathy prior to initiation of first‐time ARV therapy.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>antiretroviral naïve</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cytochrome-c oxidase</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Electron transport chain</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>epidermal nerve fibre density</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Seropositivity - drug therapy</subject><subject>HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Seropositivity - physiopathology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Leg</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Nerve Fibers - pathology</subject><subject>Nerves</subject><subject>Neuropathy</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - epidemiology</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - physiopathology</subject><subject>Oxidative phosphorylation</subject><subject>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells</subject><subject>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Polyneuropathies - epidemiology</subject><subject>Polyneuropathies - etiology</subject><subject>Polyneuropathies - physiopathology</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Stavudine</subject><subject>Stavudine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Thailand - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>1464-2662</issn><issn>1468-1293</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtu2zAQhomiQR5urlBo2Y0UvmktUqDIywECdJN0S1DUqKUhUw4pO_YuR8hNcojcpCcpZbtGuws3M-T883PID6GM4IKkdTYtCJfjnNCSFRQTWmCCKS9WH9DxvvBxk_OcSkmP0EmMU4yJYiU-REeUCsUlJcfIXkIPYea88X3MuiaDuavTgWkzD2EJWeOqAFkNPrp-nTmfJaEL0Idu6YJpfz-_ePP2moST2x9p43wDtoc6KWu3dPXCtPETOmhSgNNdHKGH66v7i0l-9_3m9uLbXW4FVjxXYCooK1zWXEkhxoLJ9CgsKma4KoFSw7CtMViGhQXGKOaCVhgIaVQpZcVG6OvWd76oZlBb8H2aUM-Dm5mw1p1x-v-Kd7_0z26pmRR8zMpk8GVnELrHBcRez1y00LbGQ7eImhAqKFMqfeMIjbdSG7oYAzT7awjWAyM91QMKPaDQAyO9YaRXqfXzv2PuG_9CSYLzreDJtbB-t7FOBIaM_QHkgqRb</recordid><startdate>201211</startdate><enddate>201211</enddate><creator>Shikuma, CM</creator><creator>Gerschenson, M</creator><creator>Ananworanich, J</creator><creator>Valcour, VG</creator><creator>Teeratakulpisarn, N</creator><creator>Jadwattanakul, T</creator><creator>DeGruttola, V</creator><creator>Liang, C‐Y</creator><creator>McArthur, JC</creator><creator>Ebenezer, GJ</creator><creator>Chomchey, N</creator><creator>Praihirunkit, P</creator><creator>Hongchookiath, P</creator><creator>Mathajittiphun, P</creator><creator>Nakamoto, B</creator><creator>Hauer, P</creator><creator>Phanuphak, P</creator><creator>Phanuphak, N</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201211</creationdate><title>Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals</title><author>Shikuma, CM ; Gerschenson, M ; Ananworanich, J ; Valcour, VG ; Teeratakulpisarn, N ; Jadwattanakul, T ; DeGruttola, V ; Liang, C‐Y ; McArthur, JC ; Ebenezer, GJ ; Chomchey, N ; Praihirunkit, P ; Hongchookiath, P ; Mathajittiphun, P ; Nakamoto, B ; Hauer, P ; Phanuphak, P ; Phanuphak, N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5074-7eabe9b09d47655853602405b3a479e22a30cd0ec305ce3320452b0e11f7966b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>antiretroviral naïve</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Cytochrome-c oxidase</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Electron transport chain</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>epidermal nerve fibre density</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Seropositivity - drug therapy</topic><topic>HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Seropositivity - physiopathology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Leg</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mitochondria</topic><topic>Mitochondrial DNA</topic><topic>Nerve Fibers - pathology</topic><topic>Nerves</topic><topic>Neuropathy</topic><topic>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - epidemiology</topic><topic>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology</topic><topic>Neurotoxicity Syndromes - physiopathology</topic><topic>Oxidative phosphorylation</topic><topic>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells</topic><topic>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Polyneuropathies - epidemiology</topic><topic>Polyneuropathies - etiology</topic><topic>Polyneuropathies - physiopathology</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Stavudine</topic><topic>Stavudine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Thailand - epidemiology</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shikuma, CM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerschenson, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ananworanich, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valcour, VG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teeratakulpisarn, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadwattanakul, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeGruttola, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, C‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McArthur, JC</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebenezer, GJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chomchey, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Praihirunkit, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hongchookiath, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathajittiphun, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamoto, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hauer, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phanuphak, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phanuphak, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SEARCH 003 protocol team</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the SEARCH 003 protocol team</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>HIV medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shikuma, CM</au><au>Gerschenson, M</au><au>Ananworanich, J</au><au>Valcour, VG</au><au>Teeratakulpisarn, N</au><au>Jadwattanakul, T</au><au>DeGruttola, V</au><au>Liang, C‐Y</au><au>McArthur, JC</au><au>Ebenezer, GJ</au><au>Chomchey, N</au><au>Praihirunkit, P</au><au>Hongchookiath, P</au><au>Mathajittiphun, P</au><au>Nakamoto, B</au><au>Hauer, P</au><au>Phanuphak, P</au><au>Phanuphak, N</au><aucorp>SEARCH 003 protocol team</aucorp><aucorp>the SEARCH 003 protocol team</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals</atitle><jtitle>HIV medicine</jtitle><addtitle>HIV Med</addtitle><date>2012-11</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>602</spage><epage>608</epage><pages>602-608</pages><issn>1464-2662</issn><eissn>1468-1293</eissn><abstract>Objectives
Distal leg epidermal nerve fibre density (ENFD) is a validated predictor of small unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and neuropathy risk in HIV infection. As pre‐existing damage may increase the risk of neuropathy following antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, particularly when the regimen contains stavudine (d4T), we assessed the relationship between ENFD and various parameters including mitochondrial factors in HIV‐infected Thai individuals naïve to ARV therapy.
Methods
Distal leg and proximal thigh ENFDs were quantified in HIV‐infected Thai individuals without neuropathy prior to randomization to a HIV clinical trial that focused on mitochondrial toxicity issues. We assessed their association with various clinical and immunovirological parameters as well as with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial (mt) DNA copies/cell, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) enzyme activities, and mt 8‐oxo‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG) break frequencies.
Results
In 132 subjects, the median (interquartile range) ENFD (fibres/mm) values were 21.0 (16.2–26.6) for the distal leg and 31.7 (26.2–40.0) for the proximal thigh. By linear regression, lower CD4 count (P < 0.01), older age (P < 0.01), increased body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.04), increased height (P = 0.02), and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity as measured by CIV activity (P = 0.02) were associated with lower distal leg ENFD.
Conclusions
Older age, increased height, higher BMI, poorer immunological status and higher PBMC OXPHOS activity are associated with lower distal leg ENFD in HIV‐infected subjects free of neuropathy prior to initiation of first‐time ARV therapy.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>22574621</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01024.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | HIV medicine, 2012-11, Vol.13 (10), p.602-608 |
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| source | Wiley Free Content; MEDLINE; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adult Age Distribution Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage Anti-HIV Agents - adverse effects antiretroviral naïve Antiviral agents Body Mass Index CD4 antigen Clinical trials Cytochrome-c oxidase DNA Electron transport chain Enzymes epidermal nerve fibre density Female Geriatrics HIV HIV Seropositivity - drug therapy HIV Seropositivity - epidemiology HIV Seropositivity - physiopathology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infection Leg Male Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA Nerve Fibers - pathology Nerves Neuropathy Neurotoxicity Syndromes - epidemiology Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology Neurotoxicity Syndromes - physiopathology Oxidative phosphorylation Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - chemically induced Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - epidemiology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology Polyneuropathies - epidemiology Polyneuropathies - etiology Polyneuropathies - physiopathology Predictive Value of Tests Stavudine Stavudine - adverse effects Thailand - epidemiology Toxicity |
| title | Determinants of epidermal nerve fibre density in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected individuals |
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