Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal
In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in children. In Senegal, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) previously referred to as intermittent preventive treatment in children (IPTc) is a new strategy for malaria control in areas of high seasonal tra...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Malaria journal 2013-04, Vol.12 (1), p.137-137, Article 137 |
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| creator | Lo, Aminata C Faye, Babacar Ba, El-Hadj Cisse, Badara Tine, Roger Abiola, Annie Ndiaye, Magatte Ndiaye, Jean L A Ndiaye, Daouda Sokhna, Cheikh Gomis, Jules F Dieng, Yemou Faye, Omar Ndir, Omar Milligan, Paul Cairns, Matthew Hallett, Rachel Sutherland, Colin Gaye, Oumar |
| description | In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in children. In Senegal, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) previously referred to as intermittent preventive treatment in children (IPTc) is a new strategy for malaria control in areas of high seasonal transmission. An effectiveness study of SMC, using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ), was conducted in central Senegal from 2008 to 2010 to obtain information about safety, feasibility of delivery, and cost effectiveness of SMC. Here are report the effect of SMC delivery on the prevalence of markers of resistance to SP and AQ.
This study was conducted in three health districts in Senegal with 54 health posts with a gradual introduction of SMC. Three administrations of the combination AQ + SP were made during the months of September, October and November of each year in children aged less than 10 years living in the area. Children were surveyed in December of each year and samples (filter paper and thick films) were made in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The prevalence of mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes was investigated by sequencing and RTPCR in samples positive by microscopy for Plasmodium falciparum.
Mutations at codon 540 of pfdhps and codon 164 of pfdhfr were not detected in the study. Among children with parasitaemia at the end of the transmission seasons, the CVIET haplotypes of pfcrt and the 86Y polymorphism of pfmdr1 were more common among those that had received SMC, but the number of infections detected was very low and confidence intervals were wide. The overall prevalence of these mutations was lower in SMC areas than in control areas, reflecting the lower prevalence of parasitaemia in areas where SMC was delivered.
The sensitivity of P. falciparum to SMC drugs should be regularly monitored in areas deploying this intervention. Overall the prevalence of genotypes associated with resistance to either SP or AQ was lower in SMC areas due to the reduced number of parasitaemia individuals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1475-2875-12-137 |
| format | Article |
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This study was conducted in three health districts in Senegal with 54 health posts with a gradual introduction of SMC. Three administrations of the combination AQ + SP were made during the months of September, October and November of each year in children aged less than 10 years living in the area. Children were surveyed in December of each year and samples (filter paper and thick films) were made in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The prevalence of mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes was investigated by sequencing and RTPCR in samples positive by microscopy for Plasmodium falciparum.
Mutations at codon 540 of pfdhps and codon 164 of pfdhfr were not detected in the study. Among children with parasitaemia at the end of the transmission seasons, the CVIET haplotypes of pfcrt and the 86Y polymorphism of pfmdr1 were more common among those that had received SMC, but the number of infections detected was very low and confidence intervals were wide. The overall prevalence of these mutations was lower in SMC areas than in control areas, reflecting the lower prevalence of parasitaemia in areas where SMC was delivered.
The sensitivity of P. falciparum to SMC drugs should be regularly monitored in areas deploying this intervention. Overall the prevalence of genotypes associated with resistance to either SP or AQ was lower in SMC areas due to the reduced number of parasitaemia individuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1475-2875</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2875</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23617576</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Age ; Amodiaquine - pharmacology ; Amodiaquine - therapeutic use ; Antimalarials - pharmacology ; Antimalarials - therapeutic use ; Chemoprevention - methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Codon ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Dihydrofolate reductase ; DNA ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy, Combination - methods ; Female ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic Markers ; Health aspects ; Health facilities ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Infant ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology ; Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control ; Male ; Medicine ; Methods ; Microscopy ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate ; Parasites ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum - genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Pyrimethamine - pharmacology ; Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use ; Risk factors ; Seasons ; Senegal - epidemiology ; Sulfadoxine - pharmacology ; Sulfadoxine - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>Malaria journal, 2013-04, Vol.12 (1), p.137-137, Article 137</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2013 Lo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Lo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Lo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b584t-cac5081614a96768d5fd11295ee0fda658aa8611392ca215875260e1bc99be4b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b584t-cac5081614a96768d5fd11295ee0fda658aa8611392ca215875260e1bc99be4b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652725/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3652725/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617576$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lo, Aminata C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, Babacar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ba, El-Hadj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cisse, Badara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tine, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abiola, Annie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndiaye, Magatte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndiaye, Jean L A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndiaye, Daouda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sokhna, Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gomis, Jules F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dieng, Yemou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faye, Omar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ndir, Omar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milligan, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cairns, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hallett, Rachel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sutherland, Colin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaye, Oumar</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal</title><title>Malaria journal</title><addtitle>Malar J</addtitle><description>In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in children. In Senegal, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) previously referred to as intermittent preventive treatment in children (IPTc) is a new strategy for malaria control in areas of high seasonal transmission. An effectiveness study of SMC, using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ), was conducted in central Senegal from 2008 to 2010 to obtain information about safety, feasibility of delivery, and cost effectiveness of SMC. Here are report the effect of SMC delivery on the prevalence of markers of resistance to SP and AQ.
This study was conducted in three health districts in Senegal with 54 health posts with a gradual introduction of SMC. Three administrations of the combination AQ + SP were made during the months of September, October and November of each year in children aged less than 10 years living in the area. Children were surveyed in December of each year and samples (filter paper and thick films) were made in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The prevalence of mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes was investigated by sequencing and RTPCR in samples positive by microscopy for Plasmodium falciparum.
Mutations at codon 540 of pfdhps and codon 164 of pfdhfr were not detected in the study. Among children with parasitaemia at the end of the transmission seasons, the CVIET haplotypes of pfcrt and the 86Y polymorphism of pfmdr1 were more common among those that had received SMC, but the number of infections detected was very low and confidence intervals were wide. The overall prevalence of these mutations was lower in SMC areas than in control areas, reflecting the lower prevalence of parasitaemia in areas where SMC was delivered.
The sensitivity of P. falciparum to SMC drugs should be regularly monitored in areas deploying this intervention. Overall the prevalence of genotypes associated with resistance to either SP or AQ was lower in SMC areas due to the reduced number of parasitaemia individuals.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Amodiaquine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Amodiaquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antimalarials - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antimalarials - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Chemoprevention - methods</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Codon</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Dihydrofolate reductase</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Drug Combinations</subject><subject>Drug Resistance</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic Markers</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health facilities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Mutation Rate</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - genetics</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Pyrimethamine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Senegal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sulfadoxine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Sulfadoxine - therapeutic use</subject><issn>1475-2875</issn><issn>1475-2875</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9rFDEQxxdRbK2--yQLvvhyNT822eyLUA5bhYKC-hxms7N3qdnkTG5L_e9NevXsSQXJkg0zn--XyUyq6iUlp5Qq-ZY2rVgwlTfKFpS3j6rjfejxvfNR9SylK0Joq1r2tDpiXNJWtPK4uvkc8RoceoN1GOspODSzg1hPEL9jTCU4xHlVR0w2baFw1teQv4hQsgkhBQ8uK7LOQm3WOIVNtkW_tcEX3KytGyLenr-gxxW459WTEVzCF3f_k-rb-fuvyw-Ly08XH5dnl4teqGa7MGAEUVTSBjrZSjWIcaCUdQKRjANIoQCUpJR3zACjIl-WSYK0N13XY9Pzk-rdzncz9xMOJhcVwelNtPmGP3UAqw8z3q71KlxrLgVrmcgGy51Bb8M_DA4zJky6dF6XzmvKdB5MdnlzV0YMP2ZMWz3ZZNA58BjmVBgmO9Ww7j9QITtOpGoy-vov9CrMMQ_jluJ53oSQP1RuO2rrx5DrNMVUnwneSMG7rlCnD1B5DThZEzyONscPBGQnMDGkFHHc94QSXZ7nQ114dX8Ye8Hv98h_Abu23-k</recordid><startdate>20130423</startdate><enddate>20130423</enddate><creator>Lo, Aminata C</creator><creator>Faye, Babacar</creator><creator>Ba, El-Hadj</creator><creator>Cisse, Badara</creator><creator>Tine, Roger</creator><creator>Abiola, Annie</creator><creator>Ndiaye, Magatte</creator><creator>Ndiaye, Jean L A</creator><creator>Ndiaye, Daouda</creator><creator>Sokhna, Cheikh</creator><creator>Gomis, Jules F</creator><creator>Dieng, Yemou</creator><creator>Faye, Omar</creator><creator>Ndir, Omar</creator><creator>Milligan, Paul</creator><creator>Cairns, Matthew</creator><creator>Hallett, Rachel</creator><creator>Sutherland, Colin</creator><creator>Gaye, Oumar</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130423</creationdate><title>Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal</title><author>Lo, Aminata C ; Faye, Babacar ; Ba, El-Hadj ; Cisse, Badara ; Tine, Roger ; Abiola, Annie ; Ndiaye, Magatte ; Ndiaye, Jean L A ; Ndiaye, Daouda ; Sokhna, Cheikh ; Gomis, Jules F ; Dieng, Yemou ; Faye, Omar ; Ndir, Omar ; Milligan, Paul ; Cairns, Matthew ; Hallett, Rachel ; Sutherland, Colin ; Gaye, Oumar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b584t-cac5081614a96768d5fd11295ee0fda658aa8611392ca215875260e1bc99be4b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Amodiaquine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Amodiaquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antimalarials - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antimalarials - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Chemoprevention - methods</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Codon</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Dihydrofolate reductase</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Drug Combinations</topic><topic>Drug Resistance</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic Markers</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health facilities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Mutation Rate</topic><topic>Parasites</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Malaria journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lo, Aminata C</au><au>Faye, Babacar</au><au>Ba, El-Hadj</au><au>Cisse, Badara</au><au>Tine, Roger</au><au>Abiola, Annie</au><au>Ndiaye, Magatte</au><au>Ndiaye, Jean L A</au><au>Ndiaye, Daouda</au><au>Sokhna, Cheikh</au><au>Gomis, Jules F</au><au>Dieng, Yemou</au><au>Faye, Omar</au><au>Ndir, Omar</au><au>Milligan, Paul</au><au>Cairns, Matthew</au><au>Hallett, Rachel</au><au>Sutherland, Colin</au><au>Gaye, Oumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal</atitle><jtitle>Malaria journal</jtitle><addtitle>Malar J</addtitle><date>2013-04-23</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>137</spage><epage>137</epage><pages>137-137</pages><artnum>137</artnum><issn>1475-2875</issn><eissn>1475-2875</eissn><abstract>In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in children. In Senegal, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) previously referred to as intermittent preventive treatment in children (IPTc) is a new strategy for malaria control in areas of high seasonal transmission. An effectiveness study of SMC, using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ), was conducted in central Senegal from 2008 to 2010 to obtain information about safety, feasibility of delivery, and cost effectiveness of SMC. Here are report the effect of SMC delivery on the prevalence of markers of resistance to SP and AQ.
This study was conducted in three health districts in Senegal with 54 health posts with a gradual introduction of SMC. Three administrations of the combination AQ + SP were made during the months of September, October and November of each year in children aged less than 10 years living in the area. Children were surveyed in December of each year and samples (filter paper and thick films) were made in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The prevalence of mutations in the pfdhfr, pfdhps, pfmdr1 and pfcrt genes was investigated by sequencing and RTPCR in samples positive by microscopy for Plasmodium falciparum.
Mutations at codon 540 of pfdhps and codon 164 of pfdhfr were not detected in the study. Among children with parasitaemia at the end of the transmission seasons, the CVIET haplotypes of pfcrt and the 86Y polymorphism of pfmdr1 were more common among those that had received SMC, but the number of infections detected was very low and confidence intervals were wide. The overall prevalence of these mutations was lower in SMC areas than in control areas, reflecting the lower prevalence of parasitaemia in areas where SMC was delivered.
The sensitivity of P. falciparum to SMC drugs should be regularly monitored in areas deploying this intervention. Overall the prevalence of genotypes associated with resistance to either SP or AQ was lower in SMC areas due to the reduced number of parasitaemia individuals.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>23617576</pmid><doi>10.1186/1475-2875-12-137</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3652725 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Age Amodiaquine - pharmacology Amodiaquine - therapeutic use Antimalarials - pharmacology Antimalarials - therapeutic use Chemoprevention - methods Child Child, Preschool Codon Deoxyribonucleic acid Dihydrofolate reductase DNA Drug Combinations Drug Resistance Drug Therapy, Combination - methods Female Genetic aspects Genetic Markers Health aspects Health facilities Humans Hygiene Infant Malaria Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology Malaria, Falciparum - prevention & control Male Medicine Methods Microscopy Mutation Mutation Rate Parasites Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects Plasmodium falciparum - genetics Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Pyrimethamine - pharmacology Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use Risk factors Seasons Senegal - epidemiology Sulfadoxine - pharmacology Sulfadoxine - therapeutic use |
| title | Prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in an area of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children in Senegal |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T01%3A17%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence%20of%20molecular%20markers%20of%20drug%20resistance%20in%20an%20area%20of%20seasonal%20malaria%20chemoprevention%20in%20children%20in%20Senegal&rft.jtitle=Malaria%20journal&rft.au=Lo,%20Aminata%20C&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.epage=137&rft.pages=137-137&rft.artnum=137&rft.issn=1475-2875&rft.eissn=1475-2875&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186/1475-2875-12-137&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA534653990%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1353017000&rft_id=info:pmid/23617576&rft_galeid=A534653990&rfr_iscdi=true |