Development and Validation of Acupuncture Fear Scale
Objectives. Strong aversions to acupuncture have been an obstacle to understanding its intrinsic action of acupuncture. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the nature and extent of fear of acupuncture treatment. Our study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates a patient’s fear of ac...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.1-8 |
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| creator | Park, Hi-Joon Chae, Younbyoung Kim, Ho-Sun Lee, Hyejung Chang, Dong-Seon Lee, Hyangsook Kim, Yun-Ji Lee, Hwa-Jin Kim, Song-Yi |
| description | Objectives. Strong aversions to acupuncture have been an obstacle to understanding its intrinsic action of acupuncture. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the nature and extent of fear of acupuncture treatment. Our study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates a patient’s fear of acupuncture treatment. Methods. We have developed an acupuncture fear scale, a 16-item instrument which assesses the acupuncture fear score and uses it to survey 275 participants in South Korea, thus testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.935). Test-retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) among 33 participants out of 275 ranged from 0.565 to 0.797 (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2013/109704 |
| format | Article |
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Strong aversions to acupuncture have been an obstacle to understanding its intrinsic action of acupuncture. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the nature and extent of fear of acupuncture treatment. Our study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates a patient’s fear of acupuncture treatment. Methods. We have developed an acupuncture fear scale, a 16-item instrument which assesses the acupuncture fear score and uses it to survey 275 participants in South Korea, thus testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.935). Test-retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) among 33 participants out of 275 ranged from 0.565 to 0.797 (P<0.001). Principal component analysis revealed two factors accounting for 68% of the variance, which are painful sensation and possible adverse events, respectively. The acupuncture fear scale was positively correlated with the total of fear of pain questionnaire-III (r=0.423, P<0.001). Conclusions. The acupuncture fear scale can be a valid and reliable instrument that can measure fear of acupuncture treatment. These results strongly suggest that it would be a clinically useful tool to assess fear of acupuncture in the acupuncture clinic setting and an important instrument to understand the complex social-behavioral component of acupuncture modality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2013/109704</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23662109</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Acupuncture ; Back pain ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Fear ; Fear & phobias ; Medicine ; Pain ; Patients ; Principal components analysis ; Skin ; Validity</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.1-8</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 Ho-Sun Kim et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Ho-Sun Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Ho-Sun Kim et al. 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-977a3e0f550d83e15e70aa779c5c9ad1d07b24836f1a56b7ff86dcb354bac3d53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-977a3e0f550d83e15e70aa779c5c9ad1d07b24836f1a56b7ff86dcb354bac3d53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638605/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638605/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23662109$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lin, Jaung-Geng</contributor><contributor>Jaung-Geng Lin</contributor><creatorcontrib>Park, Hi-Joon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chae, Younbyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Ho-Sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hyejung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Dong-Seon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hyangsook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yun-Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hwa-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Song-Yi</creatorcontrib><title>Development and Validation of Acupuncture Fear Scale</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>Objectives. Strong aversions to acupuncture have been an obstacle to understanding its intrinsic action of acupuncture. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the nature and extent of fear of acupuncture treatment. Our study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates a patient’s fear of acupuncture treatment. Methods. We have developed an acupuncture fear scale, a 16-item instrument which assesses the acupuncture fear score and uses it to survey 275 participants in South Korea, thus testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.935). Test-retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) among 33 participants out of 275 ranged from 0.565 to 0.797 (P<0.001). Principal component analysis revealed two factors accounting for 68% of the variance, which are painful sensation and possible adverse events, respectively. The acupuncture fear scale was positively correlated with the total of fear of pain questionnaire-III (r=0.423, P<0.001). Conclusions. The acupuncture fear scale can be a valid and reliable instrument that can measure fear of acupuncture treatment. These results strongly suggest that it would be a clinically useful tool to assess fear of acupuncture in the acupuncture clinic setting and an important instrument to understand the complex social-behavioral component of acupuncture modality.</description><subject>Acupuncture</subject><subject>Back pain</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Fear</subject><subject>Fear & phobias</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Validity</subject><issn>1741-427X</issn><issn>1741-4288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0UtLxDAQB_Agiu-TZ6XgRZTVpHm1F2HxDYIHH3gL02SqlW6zpq3itzdLdVEvnhLIL__MZAjZYvSQMSmPUsr4EaO5pmKBrDIt2EikWbY43-vHFbLWti-UprnWepmspFypNF5ZJeIU37D20wk2XQKNSx6grhx0lW8SXyZj20_7xnZ9wOQcISS3FmrcIEsl1C1ufq3r5P787O7kcnR9c3F1Mr4eWaFUN4qPAUdaSkldxpFJ1BRA69xKm4NjjuoiFRlXJQOpCl2WmXK24FIUYLmTfJ0cD7nTvpigs7HGALWZhmoC4cN4qMzvk6Z6Nk_-zXDFM0VnAXtfAcG_9th2ZlK1FusaGvR9axiXlEnF0izS3T_0xfehie2ZlOZ5RLlgUR0MygbftgHLeTGMmtk0zGwaZphG1Ds_65_b7--PYH8Az1Xj4L36J217wBgJljDHQmiWcf4JeV6aXA</recordid><startdate>20130101</startdate><enddate>20130101</enddate><creator>Park, Hi-Joon</creator><creator>Chae, Younbyoung</creator><creator>Kim, Ho-Sun</creator><creator>Lee, Hyejung</creator><creator>Chang, Dong-Seon</creator><creator>Lee, Hyangsook</creator><creator>Kim, Yun-Ji</creator><creator>Lee, Hwa-Jin</creator><creator>Kim, Song-Yi</creator><general>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130101</creationdate><title>Development and Validation of Acupuncture Fear Scale</title><author>Park, Hi-Joon ; 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Strong aversions to acupuncture have been an obstacle to understanding its intrinsic action of acupuncture. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the nature and extent of fear of acupuncture treatment. Our study aims to develop and validate an instrument that evaluates a patient’s fear of acupuncture treatment. Methods. We have developed an acupuncture fear scale, a 16-item instrument which assesses the acupuncture fear score and uses it to survey 275 participants in South Korea, thus testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.935). Test-retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) among 33 participants out of 275 ranged from 0.565 to 0.797 (P<0.001). Principal component analysis revealed two factors accounting for 68% of the variance, which are painful sensation and possible adverse events, respectively. The acupuncture fear scale was positively correlated with the total of fear of pain questionnaire-III (r=0.423, P<0.001). Conclusions. The acupuncture fear scale can be a valid and reliable instrument that can measure fear of acupuncture treatment. These results strongly suggest that it would be a clinically useful tool to assess fear of acupuncture in the acupuncture clinic setting and an important instrument to understand the complex social-behavioral component of acupuncture modality.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</pub><pmid>23662109</pmid><doi>10.1155/2013/109704</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; Wiley Online Library Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Acupuncture Back pain Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Fear Fear & phobias Medicine Pain Patients Principal components analysis Skin Validity |
| title | Development and Validation of Acupuncture Fear Scale |
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