Inhibition of CXCR3‐mediated chemotaxis by the human chemokine receptor‐like protein CCX‐CKR

Background and Purpose Induction of cellular migration is the primary effect of chemokine receptor activation. However, several chemokine receptor‐like proteins bind chemokines without subsequent induction of intracellular signalling and chemotaxis. It has been suggested that they act as chemokine s...

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Veröffentlicht in:British journal of pharmacology 2013-03, Vol.168 (6), p.1375-1387
Hauptverfasser: Vinet, J, Zwam, M, Dijkstra, IM, Brouwer, N, Weering, HRJ, Watts, A, Meijer, M, Fokkens, MR, Kannan, V, Verzijl, D, Vischer, HF, Smit, MJ, Leurs, R, Biber, K, Boddeke, HWGM
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 1375
container_title British journal of pharmacology
container_volume 168
creator Vinet, J
Zwam, M
Dijkstra, IM
Brouwer, N
Weering, HRJ
Watts, A
Meijer, M
Fokkens, MR
Kannan, V
Verzijl, D
Vischer, HF
Smit, MJ
Leurs, R
Biber, K
Boddeke, HWGM
description Background and Purpose Induction of cellular migration is the primary effect of chemokine receptor activation. However, several chemokine receptor‐like proteins bind chemokines without subsequent induction of intracellular signalling and chemotaxis. It has been suggested that they act as chemokine scavengers, which may control local chemokine levels and contribute to the function of chemokines during inflammation. This has been verified for the chemokine‐like receptor proteins D6 and DARC as well as CCX‐CKR. Here, we provide evidence for an additional biological function of human (h)CCX‐CKR. Experimental Approach We used transfection strategies in HEK293 and human T cells. Key Results Co‐expression of hCCX‐CKR completely inhibits hCXCR3‐induced chemotaxis. We found that hCCX‐CKR forms complexes with hCXCR3, suggesting a relationship between CCX‐CKR heteromerization and inhibition of chemotaxis. Moreover, negative binding cooperativity induced by ligands both for hCXCR3 and hCCX‐CKR was observed in cells expressing both receptors. This negative cooperativity may also explain the hCCX‐CKR‐induced inhibition of chemotaxis. Conclusions and Implications These findings suggest that hCCX‐CKR prevents hCXCR3‐induced chemotaxis by heteromerization thus representing a novel mechanism of regulation of immune cell migration.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/bph.12042
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However, several chemokine receptor‐like proteins bind chemokines without subsequent induction of intracellular signalling and chemotaxis. It has been suggested that they act as chemokine scavengers, which may control local chemokine levels and contribute to the function of chemokines during inflammation. This has been verified for the chemokine‐like receptor proteins D6 and DARC as well as CCX‐CKR. Here, we provide evidence for an additional biological function of human (h)CCX‐CKR. Experimental Approach We used transfection strategies in HEK293 and human T cells. Key Results Co‐expression of hCCX‐CKR completely inhibits hCXCR3‐induced chemotaxis. We found that hCCX‐CKR forms complexes with hCXCR3, suggesting a relationship between CCX‐CKR heteromerization and inhibition of chemotaxis. Moreover, negative binding cooperativity induced by ligands both for hCXCR3 and hCCX‐CKR was observed in cells expressing both receptors. This negative cooperativity may also explain the hCCX‐CKR‐induced inhibition of chemotaxis. Conclusions and Implications These findings suggest that hCCX‐CKR prevents hCXCR3‐induced chemotaxis by heteromerization thus representing a novel mechanism of regulation of immune cell migration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1188</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5381</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/bph.12042</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23121557</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Cell adhesion &amp; migration ; Cells, Cultured ; chemokine receptors ; Chemokines ; Chemokines - metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Down-Regulation ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; heteromerization ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Luminescent Proteins - genetics ; Luminescent Proteins - metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, CCR - genetics ; Receptors, CCR - metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR3 - genetics ; Receptors, CXCR3 - metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins - metabolism ; Research Papers ; RNA, Messenger ; T cells ; T-Lymphocytes - cytology ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><ispartof>British journal of pharmacology, 2013-03, Vol.168 (6), p.1375-1387</ispartof><rights>2012 The Authors. 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subjects Cell adhesion & migration
Cells, Cultured
chemokine receptors
Chemokines
Chemokines - metabolism
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
Down-Regulation
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Gene Expression Regulation
HEK293 Cells
heteromerization
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Kinetics
Ligands
Luminescent Proteins - genetics
Luminescent Proteins - metabolism
Protein Multimerization
Protein Transport
Receptors, CCR - genetics
Receptors, CCR - metabolism
Receptors, CXCR3 - genetics
Receptors, CXCR3 - metabolism
Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Research Papers
RNA, Messenger
T cells
T-Lymphocytes - cytology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
title Inhibition of CXCR3‐mediated chemotaxis by the human chemokine receptor‐like protein CCX‐CKR
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