Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness
A large body of evidence, including longitudinal analyses of personality change, suggests that core personality traits are predominantly stable after age 30. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. Intri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford) 2011-11, Vol.25 (11), p.1453-1461 |
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| creator | MacLean, Katherine A Johnson, Matthew W Griffiths, Roland R |
| description | A large body of evidence, including longitudinal analyses of personality change, suggests that core personality traits are predominantly stable after age 30. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. Intriguingly, double-blind controlled studies have shown that the classic hallucinogen psilocybin occasions personally and spiritually significant mystical experiences that predict long-term changes in behaviors, attitudes and values. In the present report we assessed the effect of psilocybin on changes in the five broad domains of personality – Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Consistent with participant claims of hallucinogen-occasioned increases in aesthetic appreciation, imagination, and creativity, we found significant increases in Openness following a high-dose psilocybin session. In participants who had mystical experiences during their psilocybin session, Openness remained significantly higher than baseline more than 1 year after the session. The findings suggest a specific role for psilocybin and mystical-type experiences in adult personality change. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0269881111420188 |
| format | Article |
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To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. Intriguingly, double-blind controlled studies have shown that the classic hallucinogen psilocybin occasions personally and spiritually significant mystical experiences that predict long-term changes in behaviors, attitudes and values. In the present report we assessed the effect of psilocybin on changes in the five broad domains of personality – Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Consistent with participant claims of hallucinogen-occasioned increases in aesthetic appreciation, imagination, and creativity, we found significant increases in Openness following a high-dose psilocybin session. In participants who had mystical experiences during their psilocybin session, Openness remained significantly higher than baseline more than 1 year after the session. 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Drug treatments ; Psilocybin - pharmacology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychopharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Toxicology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford), 2011-11, Vol.25 (11), p.1453-1461</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Sage Publications Ltd. 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To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated changes in personality in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event. Intriguingly, double-blind controlled studies have shown that the classic hallucinogen psilocybin occasions personally and spiritually significant mystical experiences that predict long-term changes in behaviors, attitudes and values. In the present report we assessed the effect of psilocybin on changes in the five broad domains of personality – Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Consistent with participant claims of hallucinogen-occasioned increases in aesthetic appreciation, imagination, and creativity, we found significant increases in Openness following a high-dose psilocybin session. In participants who had mystical experiences during their psilocybin session, Openness remained significantly higher than baseline more than 1 year after the session. The findings suggest a specific role for psilocybin and mystical-type experiences in adult personality change.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Attitude</subject><subject>Behavior - drug effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Drug addictions</subject><subject>Extraversion, Psychological</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hallucinogens</subject><subject>Hallucinogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mysticism - psychology</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Personality - drug effects</subject><subject>Personality disorders</subject><subject>Personality traits</subject><subject>Personality. Affectivity</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Psilocybin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MacLean, Katherine A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Matthew W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths, Roland R</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MacLean, Katherine A</au><au>Johnson, Matthew W</au><au>Griffiths, Roland R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness</atitle><jtitle>Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>J Psychopharmacol</addtitle><date>2011-11-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1453</spage><epage>1461</epage><pages>1453-1461</pages><issn>0269-8811</issn><eissn>1461-7285</eissn><coden>JOPSEQ</coden><abstract>A large body of evidence, including longitudinal analyses of personality change, suggests that core personality traits are predominantly stable after age 30. 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| subjects | Adult Adults Attitude Behavior - drug effects Biological and medical sciences Clinical trials Double-Blind Method Drug addictions Extraversion, Psychological Female Follow-Up Studies Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hallucinogens Hallucinogens - pharmacology Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mysticism - psychology Neuropharmacology Personality - drug effects Personality disorders Personality traits Personality. Affectivity Pharmacology. Drug treatments Psilocybin - pharmacology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopharmacology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Toxicology Young Adult |
| title | Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness |
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