Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion
Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving replacement of damaged fibers by new muscle fibers. During this process, there is a tendency to form scar tissue or fibrosis by deposition of collagen that could be detrimental to muscle function. New therapies that could regulate fibrosis and f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Lasers in medical science 2013-05, Vol.28 (3), p.947-955 |
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| creator | Assis, Lívia Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo de Souza, Heraldo Possolo Hamblin, Michael R Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio |
| description | Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving replacement of damaged fibers by new muscle fibers. During this process, there is a tendency to form scar tissue or fibrosis by deposition of collagen that could be detrimental to muscle function. New therapies that could regulate fibrosis and favor muscle regeneration would be important for physical therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied for clinical treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on molecular markers involved in muscle fibrosis and regeneration after cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, injured TA muscle without LLLT, injured TA muscle treated with LLLT. The injured region was irradiated daily for four consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (808 nm, 30 mW, 180 J/cm
2
; 3.8 W/cm
2
, 1.4 J). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT significantly reduced the lesion percentage area in the injured muscle (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10103-012-1183-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3521873</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1352290971</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-b7a4aef605776fd92e29017c16e1c9e9ded80810c14b3ac826953b11400fbfed3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc2KFDEQx4Mo7rj6AF4k4GU9tKaS_kguwrL4BQNeFLyFdLp6NksmGZP0yjyDL-Gz-GRmmN1lFTyFUL_6pSp_Qp4Dew2MDW8yMGCiYcAbACka8YCsoBVd07P220OyYryXjVQcTsiTnK8Yg6EH8ZiccC6VHOSwIj_X8Ufj8Ro99SZjouUSk9nt6Zlk8vevsH1FbQwluXEpmGmJdLtk65Em3GCoaHExUBMmukvVEkqmsxtTzC5TF2it0-JGZ3y9m1AwuZhuFWaud2rTPnrMVfOUPJqNz_js5jwlX9-_-3LxsVl__vDp4nzd2K5XpRkH0xqce9YNQz9PiiNXdTMLPYJVqCac6uzALLSjMFbyXnViBGgZm8cZJ3FK3h69u2Xc4mTr1Ml4vUtua9JeR-P035XgLvUmXmvRcZCDqIKzG0GK3xfMRW9dtui9CRiXrKGCdSY1QEVf_oNexSWFul6l2r5VLW8PQjhStv5cTjjfDQNMH6LWx6h1jVofotaHnhf3t7jruM22AvwI5FoKG0z3nv6v9Q_FAbgS</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1346494243</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Assis, Lívia ; Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares ; Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo ; de Souza, Heraldo Possolo ; Hamblin, Michael R ; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</creator><creatorcontrib>Assis, Lívia ; Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares ; Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo ; de Souza, Heraldo Possolo ; Hamblin, Michael R ; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</creatorcontrib><description>Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving replacement of damaged fibers by new muscle fibers. During this process, there is a tendency to form scar tissue or fibrosis by deposition of collagen that could be detrimental to muscle function. New therapies that could regulate fibrosis and favor muscle regeneration would be important for physical therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied for clinical treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on molecular markers involved in muscle fibrosis and regeneration after cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, injured TA muscle without LLLT, injured TA muscle treated with LLLT. The injured region was irradiated daily for four consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (808 nm, 30 mW, 180 J/cm
2
; 3.8 W/cm
2
, 1.4 J). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT significantly reduced the lesion percentage area in the injured muscle (
p
< 0.05), increased mRNA levels of the transcription factors MyoD and myogenin (
p
< 0.01) and the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (
p
< 0.01). Moreover, LLLT decreased the expression of the profibrotic transforming growth factor TGF-β mRNA (
p
< 0.01) and reduced type I collagen deposition (
p
< 0.01). These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration while preventing tissue fibrosis after muscle injury.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-8921</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1435-604X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1183-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22898787</identifier><identifier>CODEN: LMSCEZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Animals ; Collagen Type I - metabolism ; Dentistry ; Fibrosis ; Injuries ; Lasers ; Lasers, Semiconductor - therapeutic use ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Muscle, Skeletal - injuries ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - radiation effects ; Muscular system ; MyoD Protein - genetics ; Myogenin - genetics ; Optical Devices ; Optics ; Original Article ; Photonics ; Quantum Optics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Regeneration - genetics ; Regeneration - physiology ; Regeneration - radiation effects ; RNA, Messenger - genetics ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Rodents ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics</subject><ispartof>Lasers in medical science, 2013-05, Vol.28 (3), p.947-955</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag London Ltd 2012</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag London 2013</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag London Ltd 2012 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-b7a4aef605776fd92e29017c16e1c9e9ded80810c14b3ac826953b11400fbfed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-b7a4aef605776fd92e29017c16e1c9e9ded80810c14b3ac826953b11400fbfed3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10103-012-1183-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10103-012-1183-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898787$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Assis, Lívia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Heraldo Possolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamblin, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</creatorcontrib><title>Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion</title><title>Lasers in medical science</title><addtitle>Lasers Med Sci</addtitle><addtitle>Lasers Med Sci</addtitle><description>Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving replacement of damaged fibers by new muscle fibers. During this process, there is a tendency to form scar tissue or fibrosis by deposition of collagen that could be detrimental to muscle function. New therapies that could regulate fibrosis and favor muscle regeneration would be important for physical therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied for clinical treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on molecular markers involved in muscle fibrosis and regeneration after cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, injured TA muscle without LLLT, injured TA muscle treated with LLLT. The injured region was irradiated daily for four consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (808 nm, 30 mW, 180 J/cm
2
; 3.8 W/cm
2
, 1.4 J). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT significantly reduced the lesion percentage area in the injured muscle (
p
< 0.05), increased mRNA levels of the transcription factors MyoD and myogenin (
p
< 0.01) and the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (
p
< 0.01). Moreover, LLLT decreased the expression of the profibrotic transforming growth factor TGF-β mRNA (
p
< 0.01) and reduced type I collagen deposition (
p
< 0.01). These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration while preventing tissue fibrosis after muscle injury.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Collagen Type I - metabolism</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Lasers, Semiconductor - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Low-Level Light Therapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - injuries</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - radiation effects</subject><subject>Muscular system</subject><subject>MyoD Protein - genetics</subject><subject>Myogenin - genetics</subject><subject>Optical Devices</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Photonics</subject><subject>Quantum Optics</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Regeneration - genetics</subject><subject>Regeneration - physiology</subject><subject>Regeneration - radiation effects</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics</subject><subject>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics</subject><issn>0268-8921</issn><issn>1435-604X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc2KFDEQx4Mo7rj6AF4k4GU9tKaS_kguwrL4BQNeFLyFdLp6NksmGZP0yjyDL-Gz-GRmmN1lFTyFUL_6pSp_Qp4Dew2MDW8yMGCiYcAbACka8YCsoBVd07P220OyYryXjVQcTsiTnK8Yg6EH8ZiccC6VHOSwIj_X8Ufj8Ro99SZjouUSk9nt6Zlk8vevsH1FbQwluXEpmGmJdLtk65Em3GCoaHExUBMmukvVEkqmsxtTzC5TF2it0-JGZ3y9m1AwuZhuFWaud2rTPnrMVfOUPJqNz_js5jwlX9-_-3LxsVl__vDp4nzd2K5XpRkH0xqce9YNQz9PiiNXdTMLPYJVqCac6uzALLSjMFbyXnViBGgZm8cZJ3FK3h69u2Xc4mTr1Ml4vUtua9JeR-P035XgLvUmXmvRcZCDqIKzG0GK3xfMRW9dtui9CRiXrKGCdSY1QEVf_oNexSWFul6l2r5VLW8PQjhStv5cTjjfDQNMH6LWx6h1jVofotaHnhf3t7jruM22AvwI5FoKG0z3nv6v9Q_FAbgS</recordid><startdate>20130501</startdate><enddate>20130501</enddate><creator>Assis, Lívia</creator><creator>Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares</creator><creator>Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo</creator><creator>de Souza, Heraldo Possolo</creator><creator>Hamblin, Michael R</creator><creator>Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130501</creationdate><title>Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion</title><author>Assis, Lívia ; Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares ; Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo ; de Souza, Heraldo Possolo ; Hamblin, Michael R ; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c569t-b7a4aef605776fd92e29017c16e1c9e9ded80810c14b3ac826953b11400fbfed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Collagen Type I - metabolism</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Lasers, Semiconductor - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Low-Level Light Therapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - injuries</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - radiation effects</topic><topic>Muscular system</topic><topic>MyoD Protein - genetics</topic><topic>Myogenin - genetics</topic><topic>Optical Devices</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Photonics</topic><topic>Quantum Optics</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Regeneration - genetics</topic><topic>Regeneration - physiology</topic><topic>Regeneration - radiation effects</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics</topic><topic>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Assis, Lívia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, Heraldo Possolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamblin, Michael R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Proquest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Lasers in medical science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Assis, Lívia</au><au>Moretti, Ana Iochabel Soares</au><au>Abrahão, Thalita Balsamo</au><au>de Souza, Heraldo Possolo</au><au>Hamblin, Michael R</au><au>Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion</atitle><jtitle>Lasers in medical science</jtitle><stitle>Lasers Med Sci</stitle><addtitle>Lasers Med Sci</addtitle><date>2013-05-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>947</spage><epage>955</epage><pages>947-955</pages><issn>0268-8921</issn><eissn>1435-604X</eissn><coden>LMSCEZ</coden><abstract>Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving replacement of damaged fibers by new muscle fibers. During this process, there is a tendency to form scar tissue or fibrosis by deposition of collagen that could be detrimental to muscle function. New therapies that could regulate fibrosis and favor muscle regeneration would be important for physical therapy. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied for clinical treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and disorders, even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on molecular markers involved in muscle fibrosis and regeneration after cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, injured TA muscle without LLLT, injured TA muscle treated with LLLT. The injured region was irradiated daily for four consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (808 nm, 30 mW, 180 J/cm
2
; 3.8 W/cm
2
, 1.4 J). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT significantly reduced the lesion percentage area in the injured muscle (
p
< 0.05), increased mRNA levels of the transcription factors MyoD and myogenin (
p
< 0.01) and the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (
p
< 0.01). Moreover, LLLT decreased the expression of the profibrotic transforming growth factor TGF-β mRNA (
p
< 0.01) and reduced type I collagen deposition (
p
< 0.01). These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration while preventing tissue fibrosis after muscle injury.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22898787</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10103-012-1183-3</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Lasers in medical science, 2013-05, Vol.28 (3), p.947-955 |
| issn | 0268-8921 1435-604X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3521873 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Animals Collagen Type I - metabolism Dentistry Fibrosis Injuries Lasers Lasers, Semiconductor - therapeutic use Low-Level Light Therapy Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Muscle, Skeletal - injuries Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - radiation effects Muscular system MyoD Protein - genetics Myogenin - genetics Optical Devices Optics Original Article Photonics Quantum Optics Rats Rats, Wistar Regeneration - genetics Regeneration - physiology Regeneration - radiation effects RNA, Messenger - genetics RNA, Messenger - metabolism Rodents Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics |
| title | Low-level laser therapy (808 nm) contributes to muscle regeneration and prevents fibrosis in rat tibialis anterior muscle after cryolesion |
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