Ethnicity modifies the relation between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in Indians, Malays and Chinese
Diabet. Med. 29, 911–917 (2012) Aims To study whether HbA1c, and its relationship with fasting plasma glucose, was significantly different among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore. Methods A sample of 3895 individuals without known diabetes underwent detailed interview and health examination...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetic medicine 2012-07, Vol.29 (7), p.911-917 |
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| creator | Venkataraman, K. Kao, S. L. Thai, A. C. Salim, A. Lee, J. J. M. Heng, D. Tai, E. S. Khoo, E. Y. H. |
| description | Diabet. Med. 29, 911–917 (2012)
Aims To study whether HbA1c, and its relationship with fasting plasma glucose, was significantly different among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.
Methods A sample of 3895 individuals without known diabetes underwent detailed interview and health examination, including anthropometric and biochemical evaluation, between 2004 and 2007. Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the influence of ethnicity on HbA1c.
Results As fasting plasma glucose increased, HbA1c increased more in Malays and Indians compared with Chinese after adjustment for age, gender, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P‐interaction |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03599.x |
| format | Article |
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Aims To study whether HbA1c, and its relationship with fasting plasma glucose, was significantly different among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.
Methods A sample of 3895 individuals without known diabetes underwent detailed interview and health examination, including anthropometric and biochemical evaluation, between 2004 and 2007. Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the influence of ethnicity on HbA1c.
Results As fasting plasma glucose increased, HbA1c increased more in Malays and Indians compared with Chinese after adjustment for age, gender, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P‐interaction < 0.001). This translates to an HbA1c difference of 1.1 mmol/mol (0.1%, Indians vs. Chinese), and 0.9 mmol/mol (0.08%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 5.6 mmol/l (the American Diabetes Association criterion for impaired fasting glycaemia); and 2.1 mmol/mol (0.19%, Indians vs. Chinese) and 2.6 mmol/mol (0.24%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 7.0 mmol/l, the diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions Using HbA1c in place of fasting plasma glucose will reclassify different proportions of the population in different ethnic groups. This may have implications in interpretation of HbA1c results across ethnic groups and the use of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes mellitus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0742-3071</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1464-5491</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-5491</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03599.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22283416</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DIMEEV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Asian People ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; China - ethnology ; Cholesterol - blood ; Diabetes ; diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; diagnosis ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Ethnicity ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Fasting ; Fasting - metabolism ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glucose ; glycated haemoglobin ; Humans ; India - ethnology ; Insulin Resistance ; Malaysia - ethnology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Original ; Plasma ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Singapore - epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides - blood ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Vertebrates: endocrinology ; Waist Circumference ; White People</subject><ispartof>Diabetic medicine, 2012-07, Vol.29 (7), p.911-917</ispartof><rights>2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK.</rights><rights>2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.2012.03599.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1464-5491.2012.03599.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26017409$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22283416$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Venkataraman, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thai, A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salim, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, J. J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heng, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tai, E. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khoo, E. Y. H.</creatorcontrib><title>Ethnicity modifies the relation between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in Indians, Malays and Chinese</title><title>Diabetic medicine</title><addtitle>Diabet Med</addtitle><description>Diabet. Med. 29, 911–917 (2012)
Aims To study whether HbA1c, and its relationship with fasting plasma glucose, was significantly different among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.
Methods A sample of 3895 individuals without known diabetes underwent detailed interview and health examination, including anthropometric and biochemical evaluation, between 2004 and 2007. Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the influence of ethnicity on HbA1c.
Results As fasting plasma glucose increased, HbA1c increased more in Malays and Indians compared with Chinese after adjustment for age, gender, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P‐interaction < 0.001). This translates to an HbA1c difference of 1.1 mmol/mol (0.1%, Indians vs. Chinese), and 0.9 mmol/mol (0.08%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 5.6 mmol/l (the American Diabetes Association criterion for impaired fasting glycaemia); and 2.1 mmol/mol (0.19%, Indians vs. Chinese) and 2.6 mmol/mol (0.24%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 7.0 mmol/l, the diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions Using HbA1c in place of fasting plasma glucose will reclassify different proportions of the population in different ethnic groups. This may have implications in interpretation of HbA1c results across ethnic groups and the use of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes mellitus.</description><subject>Asian People</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>China - ethnology</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>diagnosis</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Fasting</subject><subject>Fasting - metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>glycated haemoglobin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>India - ethnology</subject><subject>Insulin Resistance</subject><subject>Malaysia - ethnology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Singapore - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><subject>Waist Circumference</subject><subject>White People</subject><issn>0742-3071</issn><issn>1464-5491</issn><issn>1464-5491</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkl1v0zAYhS0EYt3gLyBLCIkLEvwVJ75g0ui6ddIGN3xcWm8cu3VJnRInW_vvSdZSPnxjS-c5r17rHIQwJSkdzvtVSoUUSSYUTRmhLCU8UyrdPkGTo_AUTUguWMJJTk_QaYwrMpCKq-fohDFWcEHlBC1m3TJ447sdXjeVd95G3C0tbm0NnW8CLm33YG3ADmLnwwJvaohrwIu6N020GEKF5-UFNdgHfBMqDyG-w3dQwy4-itOlDzbaF-iZgzral4f7DH29mn2ZzpPbz9c304vbxGecqURSXlHGJcvBghKOuFIwMDSXktoyL5irwNi8zAQlQigJnDiTuYqZsuKFK_kZOt_P3fTl2lbGhq6FWm9av4Z2pxvw-l8l-KVeNPeaZ0RwwYcBbw8D2uZnb2On1z4aW9cQbNNHTQmjLCuoLAb09X_oqunbMHxP04KpXMiCjNSrvzc6rvI7gwF4cwAgGqhdC8H4-IeThOaCqIH7sOcefG13R50SPXZCr_QYvR6j12Mn9GMn9FZf3s3G1-BP9n4fO7s9-qH9oWXO80x__3St55fTbx_5ldJz_gsrn7k3</recordid><startdate>201207</startdate><enddate>201207</enddate><creator>Venkataraman, K.</creator><creator>Kao, S. L.</creator><creator>Thai, A. C.</creator><creator>Salim, A.</creator><creator>Lee, J. J. M.</creator><creator>Heng, D.</creator><creator>Tai, E. S.</creator><creator>Khoo, E. Y. H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>24P</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201207</creationdate><title>Ethnicity modifies the relation between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in Indians, Malays and Chinese</title><author>Venkataraman, K. ; Kao, S. L. ; Thai, A. C. ; Salim, A. ; Lee, J. J. M. ; Heng, D. ; Tai, E. S. ; Khoo, E. Y. H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i5329-613d123627aea94f0fb42ac17661eb782fdace7b54104496a30fc5fd2cbd38fb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Asian People</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>China - ethnology</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>diagnosis</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Fasting</topic><topic>Fasting - metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>glycated haemoglobin</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>India - ethnology</topic><topic>Insulin Resistance</topic><topic>Malaysia - ethnology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Singapore - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><topic>Waist Circumference</topic><topic>White People</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Venkataraman, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thai, A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salim, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, J. J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heng, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tai, E. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khoo, E. Y. H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetic medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Venkataraman, K.</au><au>Kao, S. L.</au><au>Thai, A. C.</au><au>Salim, A.</au><au>Lee, J. J. M.</au><au>Heng, D.</au><au>Tai, E. S.</au><au>Khoo, E. Y. H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ethnicity modifies the relation between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in Indians, Malays and Chinese</atitle><jtitle>Diabetic medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Diabet Med</addtitle><date>2012-07</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>911</spage><epage>917</epage><pages>911-917</pages><issn>0742-3071</issn><issn>1464-5491</issn><eissn>1464-5491</eissn><coden>DIMEEV</coden><abstract>Diabet. Med. 29, 911–917 (2012)
Aims To study whether HbA1c, and its relationship with fasting plasma glucose, was significantly different among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.
Methods A sample of 3895 individuals without known diabetes underwent detailed interview and health examination, including anthropometric and biochemical evaluation, between 2004 and 2007. Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the influence of ethnicity on HbA1c.
Results As fasting plasma glucose increased, HbA1c increased more in Malays and Indians compared with Chinese after adjustment for age, gender, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P‐interaction < 0.001). This translates to an HbA1c difference of 1.1 mmol/mol (0.1%, Indians vs. Chinese), and 0.9 mmol/mol (0.08%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 5.6 mmol/l (the American Diabetes Association criterion for impaired fasting glycaemia); and 2.1 mmol/mol (0.19%, Indians vs. Chinese) and 2.6 mmol/mol (0.24%, Malays vs. Chinese) at fasting plasma glucose 7.0 mmol/l, the diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions Using HbA1c in place of fasting plasma glucose will reclassify different proportions of the population in different ethnic groups. This may have implications in interpretation of HbA1c results across ethnic groups and the use of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes mellitus.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22283416</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03599.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Asian People Biological and medical sciences Blood Glucose - metabolism China - ethnology Cholesterol - blood Diabetes diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance diagnosis Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Ethnicity Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Fasting Fasting - metabolism Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucose glycated haemoglobin Humans India - ethnology Insulin Resistance Malaysia - ethnology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Original Plasma Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Singapore - epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Triglycerides - blood Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vertebrates: endocrinology Waist Circumference White People |
| title | Ethnicity modifies the relation between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in Indians, Malays and Chinese |
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