Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation
Objective: We sought to determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in surviving extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW,
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creator | Shah, T A Meinzen-Derr, J Gratton, T Steichen, J Donovan, E F Yolton, K Alexander, B Narendran, V Schibler, K R |
description | Objective:
We sought to determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in surviving extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/jp.2011.176 |
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fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3496418</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A295325459</galeid><sourcerecordid>A295325459</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-faa1fecf726cbd968e58b2214de961fd85922446e2ba684dbe84f798973d24463</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kt-L1DAQx4so3nn65LsUBBG0a_OjSftycBzqCQe-6HNI28k2S5rUJL31_Dv8g01v12NXRfIQmPnMd_KdTJY9R-UKlaR-t5lWuERohTh7kJ0iyllRVZQ8zE5LTklRE8pOsichbMpySfLH2QnGqOIMV6fZzysXJh2lyaXtcwuzdz3cgHHTCHYJuzl2boSQO5XD9-hhBHObG7ctWu3jUGxBr4eYa6ukjSHf6jgkmc67qH9ou86TCnjXOaOjDndNwuSSsgU3h1QWIURtU6MJvHJeRu3s0-yRkibAs_19ln398P7L5VVx_fnjp8uL66KrOI6FkhIp6BTHrGv7htVQ1W2yRntoGFJ9XTUYU8oAt5LVtG-hpoo3dcNJv8TJWXa-053mdoS-S2_10ojJ61H6W-GkFscZqwexdjeC0IZRVCeB13sB777NyYkYdejAmJ09gUqMa8o5pQl9-Qe6cbNPxoPAjJaMEUbI_6hFi1KM7truqbU0INLoXXpdt7QWF7ipCK5o1SRq9Q8qnR5G3TkLSqf4UcGrg4IBpIlDcGZeviQcg292YPrmEDyo-5GhUiw7KTaTWHZSpJ1M9IvDKd-zv5cwAW93QEgpuwZ_aPpvvV-fJO2f</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1022442118</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Shah, T A ; Meinzen-Derr, J ; Gratton, T ; Steichen, J ; Donovan, E F ; Yolton, K ; Alexander, B ; Narendran, V ; Schibler, K R</creator><creatorcontrib>Shah, T A ; Meinzen-Derr, J ; Gratton, T ; Steichen, J ; Donovan, E F ; Yolton, K ; Alexander, B ; Narendran, V ; Schibler, K R</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:
We sought to determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in surviving extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g birth weight) infants and to establish the impact of NEC on outcomes by hospital discharge and at 18 to 22 months adjusted age in a large, contemporary, population-based practice.
Study Design:
Hospital outcome data for all ELBW infants born in the greater Cincinnati region from 1998 to 2009 were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health Neonatal Research Network Database. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 to 22 months was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II scores for Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used and adjusted odds ratios reported to control for confounders.
Result:
From 1998 to 2009, ELBW infants accounted for 0.5% of the 352 176 live-born infants in greater Cincinnati. The incidence of NEC was 12%, with a 50% case-fatality rate. Death before discharge, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment were all increased among infants diagnosed with NEC. Infants with surgical NEC and SIP had a higher incidence of death, but long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes were not different comparing surviving ELBW infants with medical NEC, surgical NEC and SIP.
Conclusion:
Although ELBW infants comprise a very small proportion of live-born infants, those who develop NEC and SIP are at an increased risk for death, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment. No significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed between the medical and surgical NEC and SIP groups.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0743-8346</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5543</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.176</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22157625</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Birth weight ; Care and treatment ; Child Development ; Childrens health ; Collaboration ; Complications ; Death ; Developmental Disabilities - etiology ; Enterocolitis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - complications ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - mortality ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - surgery ; Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; Fatalities ; Gastrointestinal diseases ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Impairment ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight - growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases - surgery ; Infants ; Intestinal Perforation - complications ; Intestinal Perforation - mortality ; Intestinal Perforation - surgery ; Intestine ; Low birth weight ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Multivariable control ; Necrosis ; Necrotizing enterocolitis ; Neonates ; Neonatology ; Neurodevelopmental disorders ; Newborn babies ; original-article ; Outreach services ; Pediatric Surgery ; Pediatrics ; Population ; Population studies ; Practice ; Premature babies ; Prevention ; Prognosis ; Treatment outcome</subject><ispartof>Journal of perinatology, 2012-07, Vol.32 (7), p.552-558</ispartof><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2012</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 2012</rights><rights>Nature America, Inc. 2012.</rights><rights>2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-faa1fecf726cbd968e58b2214de961fd85922446e2ba684dbe84f798973d24463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-faa1fecf726cbd968e58b2214de961fd85922446e2ba684dbe84f798973d24463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/jp.2011.176$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/jp.2011.176$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157625$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shah, T A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meinzen-Derr, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratton, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steichen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donovan, E F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yolton, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Narendran, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schibler, K R</creatorcontrib><title>Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation</title><title>Journal of perinatology</title><addtitle>J Perinatol</addtitle><addtitle>J Perinatol</addtitle><description>Objective:
We sought to determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in surviving extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g birth weight) infants and to establish the impact of NEC on outcomes by hospital discharge and at 18 to 22 months adjusted age in a large, contemporary, population-based practice.
Study Design:
Hospital outcome data for all ELBW infants born in the greater Cincinnati region from 1998 to 2009 were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health Neonatal Research Network Database. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 to 22 months was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II scores for Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used and adjusted odds ratios reported to control for confounders.
Result:
From 1998 to 2009, ELBW infants accounted for 0.5% of the 352 176 live-born infants in greater Cincinnati. The incidence of NEC was 12%, with a 50% case-fatality rate. Death before discharge, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment were all increased among infants diagnosed with NEC. Infants with surgical NEC and SIP had a higher incidence of death, but long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes were not different comparing surviving ELBW infants with medical NEC, surgical NEC and SIP.
Conclusion:
Although ELBW infants comprise a very small proportion of live-born infants, those who develop NEC and SIP are at an increased risk for death, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment. No significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed between the medical and surgical NEC and SIP groups.</description><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Collaboration</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Developmental Disabilities - etiology</subject><subject>Enterocolitis</subject><subject>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - complications</subject><subject>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - mortality</subject><subject>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - surgery</subject><subject>Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing</subject><subject>Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal diseases</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impairment</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight - growth & development</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infant, Premature</subject><subject>Infant, Premature, Diseases - surgery</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Intestinal Perforation - complications</subject><subject>Intestinal Perforation - mortality</subject><subject>Intestinal Perforation - surgery</subject><subject>Intestine</subject><subject>Low birth weight</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Multivariable control</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>Necrotizing enterocolitis</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Neonatology</subject><subject>Neurodevelopmental disorders</subject><subject>Newborn babies</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Outreach services</subject><subject>Pediatric Surgery</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Practice</subject><subject>Premature babies</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Treatment outcome</subject><issn>0743-8346</issn><issn>1476-5543</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kt-L1DAQx4so3nn65LsUBBG0a_OjSftycBzqCQe-6HNI28k2S5rUJL31_Dv8g01v12NXRfIQmPnMd_KdTJY9R-UKlaR-t5lWuERohTh7kJ0iyllRVZQ8zE5LTklRE8pOsichbMpySfLH2QnGqOIMV6fZzysXJh2lyaXtcwuzdz3cgHHTCHYJuzl2boSQO5XD9-hhBHObG7ctWu3jUGxBr4eYa6ukjSHf6jgkmc67qH9ou86TCnjXOaOjDndNwuSSsgU3h1QWIURtU6MJvHJeRu3s0-yRkibAs_19ln398P7L5VVx_fnjp8uL66KrOI6FkhIp6BTHrGv7htVQ1W2yRntoGFJ9XTUYU8oAt5LVtG-hpoo3dcNJv8TJWXa-053mdoS-S2_10ojJ61H6W-GkFscZqwexdjeC0IZRVCeB13sB777NyYkYdejAmJ09gUqMa8o5pQl9-Qe6cbNPxoPAjJaMEUbI_6hFi1KM7truqbU0INLoXXpdt7QWF7ipCK5o1SRq9Q8qnR5G3TkLSqf4UcGrg4IBpIlDcGZeviQcg292YPrmEDyo-5GhUiw7KTaTWHZSpJ1M9IvDKd-zv5cwAW93QEgpuwZ_aPpvvV-fJO2f</recordid><startdate>20120701</startdate><enddate>20120701</enddate><creator>Shah, T A</creator><creator>Meinzen-Derr, J</creator><creator>Gratton, T</creator><creator>Steichen, J</creator><creator>Donovan, E F</creator><creator>Yolton, K</creator><creator>Alexander, B</creator><creator>Narendran, V</creator><creator>Schibler, K R</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120701</creationdate><title>Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation</title><author>Shah, T A ; Meinzen-Derr, J ; Gratton, T ; Steichen, J ; Donovan, E F ; Yolton, K ; Alexander, B ; Narendran, V ; Schibler, K R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-faa1fecf726cbd968e58b2214de961fd85922446e2ba684dbe84f798973d24463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Collaboration</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Death</topic><topic>Developmental Disabilities - etiology</topic><topic>Enterocolitis</topic><topic>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - complications</topic><topic>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - mortality</topic><topic>Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - surgery</topic><topic>Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing</topic><topic>Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal diseases</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impairment</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight - growth & development</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infant, Premature</topic><topic>Infant, Premature, Diseases - surgery</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Intestinal Perforation - complications</topic><topic>Intestinal Perforation - mortality</topic><topic>Intestinal Perforation - surgery</topic><topic>Intestine</topic><topic>Low birth weight</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Multivariable control</topic><topic>Necrosis</topic><topic>Necrotizing enterocolitis</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Neonatology</topic><topic>Neurodevelopmental disorders</topic><topic>Newborn babies</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Outreach services</topic><topic>Pediatric Surgery</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Practice</topic><topic>Premature babies</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Treatment outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shah, T A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meinzen-Derr, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gratton, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steichen, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donovan, E F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yolton, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Narendran, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schibler, K R</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of perinatology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shah, T A</au><au>Meinzen-Derr, J</au><au>Gratton, T</au><au>Steichen, J</au><au>Donovan, E F</au><au>Yolton, K</au><au>Alexander, B</au><au>Narendran, V</au><au>Schibler, K R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of perinatology</jtitle><stitle>J Perinatol</stitle><addtitle>J Perinatol</addtitle><date>2012-07-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>552</spage><epage>558</epage><pages>552-558</pages><issn>0743-8346</issn><eissn>1476-5543</eissn><abstract>Objective:
We sought to determine the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) in surviving extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g birth weight) infants and to establish the impact of NEC on outcomes by hospital discharge and at 18 to 22 months adjusted age in a large, contemporary, population-based practice.
Study Design:
Hospital outcome data for all ELBW infants born in the greater Cincinnati region from 1998 to 2009 were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health Neonatal Research Network Database. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 to 22 months was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II scores for Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used and adjusted odds ratios reported to control for confounders.
Result:
From 1998 to 2009, ELBW infants accounted for 0.5% of the 352 176 live-born infants in greater Cincinnati. The incidence of NEC was 12%, with a 50% case-fatality rate. Death before discharge, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment were all increased among infants diagnosed with NEC. Infants with surgical NEC and SIP had a higher incidence of death, but long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes were not different comparing surviving ELBW infants with medical NEC, surgical NEC and SIP.
Conclusion:
Although ELBW infants comprise a very small proportion of live-born infants, those who develop NEC and SIP are at an increased risk for death, morbid complications of prematurity and neurodevelopmental impairment. No significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed between the medical and surgical NEC and SIP groups.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>22157625</pmid><doi>10.1038/jp.2011.176</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Birth weight Care and treatment Child Development Childrens health Collaboration Complications Death Developmental Disabilities - etiology Enterocolitis Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - complications Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - mortality Enterocolitis, Necrotizing - surgery Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous Fatalities Gastrointestinal diseases Hospitals Humans Impairment Infant Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight - growth & development Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Infant, Premature, Diseases - surgery Infants Intestinal Perforation - complications Intestinal Perforation - mortality Intestinal Perforation - surgery Intestine Low birth weight Medicine Medicine & Public Health Morbidity Mortality Multivariable control Necrosis Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonates Neonatology Neurodevelopmental disorders Newborn babies original-article Outreach services Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Population Population studies Practice Premature babies Prevention Prognosis Treatment outcome |
title | Hospital and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation |
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