Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case—control study in an Italian population
Benzene, a recognized occupational leukemogen in adults, has been hypothesized to also increase the risk of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case—control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998—2009 and 332...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of epidemiology 2012-10, Vol.27 (10), p.781-790 |
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| creator | Vinceti, Marco Rothman, Kenneth J. Crespi, Catherine M. Sterni, Antonella Cherubini, Andrea Guerra, Luisa Maffeis, Giuseppe Ferretti, Enrica Fabbi, Sara Teggi, Sergio Consonni, Dario De Girolamo, Gianfranco Meggiato, Alessandro Palazzi, Giovanni Paolucci, Paolo Malagoli, Carlotta |
| description | Benzene, a recognized occupational leukemogen in adults, has been hypothesized to also increase the risk of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case—control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998—2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM 10 , appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age and by leukemia subtype, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than 5 years, and despite small numbers this relation appeared to be considerably stronger for acute myeloid leukemia than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of benzene released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and suggest a possible independent effect of PM 10 , although unmeasured confounding due to other pollutants cannot be ruled out. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10654-012-9727-1 |
| format | Article |
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We carried out a population-based case—control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998—2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM 10 , appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age and by leukemia subtype, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than 5 years, and despite small numbers this relation appeared to be considerably stronger for acute myeloid leukemia than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of benzene released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and suggest a possible independent effect of PM 10 , although unmeasured confounding due to other pollutants cannot be ruled out.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0393-2990</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7284</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9727-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22892901</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Benzene - analysis ; Benzene - toxicity ; Biological and medical sciences ; CANCER ; Cardiology ; Case control studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Childhood ; Children ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiology ; Female ; General aspects ; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases ; Humans ; Infectious Diseases ; Italy - epidemiology ; Leukemia ; Leukemia - chemically induced ; Leukemia - epidemiology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - chemically induced ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology ; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Miscellaneous ; Motor vehicle traffic ; Motor Vehicles ; Myeloid leukemia ; Oncology ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Particulate Matter - toxicity ; Pollutant emissions ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - chemically induced ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology ; Public Health ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. 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We carried out a population-based case—control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998—2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM 10 , appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age and by leukemia subtype, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than 5 years, and despite small numbers this relation appeared to be considerably stronger for acute myeloid leukemia than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of benzene released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and suggest a possible independent effect of PM 10 , although unmeasured confounding due to other pollutants cannot be ruled out.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Benzene - analysis</subject><subject>Benzene - toxicity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>CANCER</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Case control studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Childhood</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Italy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>Leukemia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Leukemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - chemically induced</subject><subject>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Motor vehicle traffic</subject><subject>Motor Vehicles</subject><subject>Myeloid leukemia</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - toxicity</subject><subject>Pollutant emissions</subject><subject>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - chemically induced</subject><subject>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. 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We carried out a population-based case—control study in a northern Italy community involving 83 cases with acute childhood leukemia diagnosed in the years 1998—2009 and 332 matched controls. We assessed residential exposure to benzene and to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) from motorized traffic using geocoded residences and detailed emission and dispersion modeling. Exposure to benzene, and to a lesser extent to PM 10 , appeared to be independently associated with an excess leukemia risk. When we stratified the study population by age and by leukemia subtype, the relative risk associated with benzene exposure was higher among children aged less than 5 years, and despite small numbers this relation appeared to be considerably stronger for acute myeloid leukemia than for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 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| ispartof | European journal of epidemiology, 2012-10, Vol.27 (10), p.781-790 |
| issn | 0393-2990 1573-7284 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Benzene - analysis Benzene - toxicity Biological and medical sciences CANCER Cardiology Case control studies Child Child, Preschool Childhood Children Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data Epidemiology Female General aspects Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases Humans Infectious Diseases Italy - epidemiology Leukemia Leukemia - chemically induced Leukemia - epidemiology Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - chemically induced Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis Logistic Models Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Miscellaneous Motor vehicle traffic Motor Vehicles Myeloid leukemia Oncology Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate Matter - toxicity Pollutant emissions Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - chemically induced Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology Public Health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk Risk Factors Roads Traffic estimation |
| title | Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case—control study in an Italian population |
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