The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury
The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The European journal of neuroscience 2011-11, Vol.34 (10), p.1609-1619 |
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| creator | Buffington, Shelly A. Rasband, Matthew N. |
| description | The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations in AIS‐related genes, disruption of the molecular organization of the AIS and altered AIS ion channel expression, function, location and/or density are emerging as key players in neurological disorders. Here, we consider the role of the AIS in nervous system disease and injury.
The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07875.x |
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The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0953-816X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-9568</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07875.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22103418</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Action potential ; Action Potentials - physiology ; Aging - physiology ; Animals ; Ankyrins - metabolism ; axon initial segment ; Axons ; Axons - physiology ; Axons - ultrastructure ; Cell Polarity ; disease ; Excitability ; Humans ; Injuries ; ion channel ; Ion channels ; Ion Channels - metabolism ; Mental Disorders - pathology ; Mental Disorders - physiopathology ; Mutation ; Nervous system ; Nervous System - pathology ; Nervous System - physiopathology ; Nervous system diseases ; Nervous System Diseases - pathology ; Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology ; Neurological diseases ; Neuronal Plasticity - physiology ; Neurons - physiology ; Neurons - ultrastructure ; Polarity</subject><ispartof>The European journal of neuroscience, 2011-11, Vol.34 (10), p.1609-1619</ispartof><rights>2011 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience © 2011 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience © 2011 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6095-e7836d9facad4873884f36d740d43500fbb3338c7969e54010eb782818ad2bed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6095-e7836d9facad4873884f36d740d43500fbb3338c7969e54010eb782818ad2bed3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2011.07875.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2011.07875.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1417,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103418$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Buffington, Shelly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasband, Matthew N.</creatorcontrib><title>The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury</title><title>The European journal of neuroscience</title><addtitle>Eur J Neurosci</addtitle><description>The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations in AIS‐related genes, disruption of the molecular organization of the AIS and altered AIS ion channel expression, function, location and/or density are emerging as key players in neurological disorders. Here, we consider the role of the AIS in nervous system disease and injury.
The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability.</description><subject>Action potential</subject><subject>Action Potentials - physiology</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Ankyrins - metabolism</subject><subject>axon initial segment</subject><subject>Axons</subject><subject>Axons - physiology</subject><subject>Axons - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Cell Polarity</subject><subject>disease</subject><subject>Excitability</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>ion channel</subject><subject>Ion channels</subject><subject>Ion Channels - metabolism</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - pathology</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Nervous System - pathology</subject><subject>Nervous System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Nervous system diseases</subject><subject>Nervous System Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Neurological diseases</subject><subject>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</subject><subject>Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Neurons - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Polarity</subject><issn>0953-816X</issn><issn>1460-9568</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9v1DAQxS1ERbeFr4By45R0HDv25FAkVJUCWm17KAL1MnISp_WSP8XeLbvfHodtV_RWX-zx_N7TjB5jCYeMx3OyzLhUkJaFwiwHzjPQqIts84rN9o3XbAZlIVLk6uchOwphCQCoZPGGHeY5ByE5ztjp9Z1NzGYcEje4lTNdEuxtb4dVrJPB-odxHZKwDSvbJ40L1oSID03sLtd--5YdtKYL9t3jfcy-fz6_PvuSzi8vvp59mqe1ijOkVqNQTdma2jQStUCUbfzQEhopCoC2qoQQWOtSlbaQwMFWGnPkaJq8so04Zh93vvfrqrdNHefzpqN773rjtzQaR887g7uj2_GBhMScK4gGHx4N_Ph7bcOKehdq23VmsHFDKnkhUQr-AhIK1FzJPJK4I2s_huBtu5-HA00x0ZKmNGhKg6aY6F9MtInS9__vsxc-5RKB0x3wx3V2-2JjOv-2mF5Rn-70Lia32euN_0VKi4j-WFzQzRWAWFzN6Ub8BSqJsGk</recordid><startdate>201111</startdate><enddate>201111</enddate><creator>Buffington, Shelly A.</creator><creator>Rasband, Matthew N.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201111</creationdate><title>The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury</title><author>Buffington, Shelly A. ; Rasband, Matthew N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6095-e7836d9facad4873884f36d740d43500fbb3338c7969e54010eb782818ad2bed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Action potential</topic><topic>Action Potentials - physiology</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Ankyrins - metabolism</topic><topic>axon initial segment</topic><topic>Axons</topic><topic>Axons - physiology</topic><topic>Axons - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Cell Polarity</topic><topic>disease</topic><topic>Excitability</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>ion channel</topic><topic>Ion channels</topic><topic>Ion Channels - metabolism</topic><topic>Mental Disorders - pathology</topic><topic>Mental Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Nervous System - pathology</topic><topic>Nervous System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Nervous system diseases</topic><topic>Nervous System Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Neurological diseases</topic><topic>Neuronal Plasticity - physiology</topic><topic>Neurons - physiology</topic><topic>Neurons - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Polarity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Buffington, Shelly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasband, Matthew N.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The European journal of neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Buffington, Shelly A.</au><au>Rasband, Matthew N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury</atitle><jtitle>The European journal of neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Neurosci</addtitle><date>2011-11</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1609</spage><epage>1619</epage><pages>1609-1619</pages><issn>0953-816X</issn><eissn>1460-9568</eissn><abstract>The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations in AIS‐related genes, disruption of the molecular organization of the AIS and altered AIS ion channel expression, function, location and/or density are emerging as key players in neurological disorders. Here, we consider the role of the AIS in nervous system disease and injury.
The axon initial segment (AIS), with its dense clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels decorating the axonal membrane, regulates action potential initiation and modulation. The AIS also functions as a barrier to maintain axodendritic polarity, and its precise axonal location contributes to the fine‐tuning of neuronal excitability.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22103418</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07875.x</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Action potential Action Potentials - physiology Aging - physiology Animals Ankyrins - metabolism axon initial segment Axons Axons - physiology Axons - ultrastructure Cell Polarity disease Excitability Humans Injuries ion channel Ion channels Ion Channels - metabolism Mental Disorders - pathology Mental Disorders - physiopathology Mutation Nervous system Nervous System - pathology Nervous System - physiopathology Nervous system diseases Nervous System Diseases - pathology Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology Neurological diseases Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Neurons - physiology Neurons - ultrastructure Polarity |
| title | The axon initial segment in nervous system disease and injury |
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