Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs
Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) is one of the frequently used traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines, Japan). To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2012-01, Vol.2012 (2012), p.1-7 |
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| creator | Hirasaki, Yoshiro Ikegami, Fumio Saito, Yuko Sumino, Megumi Namiki, Takao |
| description | Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) is one of the frequently used traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines, Japan). To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto with regard to the extract, tannin content, and major constituents. We found that the residual crude drugs had large amounts of compounds, especially saikosaponin b2, which had a 78.3% yield compared to that in the first decoction. The extraction efficiency increased when decoction time and volume of water increased. Both increases had an additive effect on the yield of the extract and saikosaponin b2 in particular. We also found that the size of crude drug pieces that are available in Japanese markets is suitable for decoction because of quick permeation of water. From our study, the second decoction may be a valuable contribution to medical treatment and of effective use of crude drugs. Moreover, time and volume of water should be increased when patients have trouble in preparing a decoction. Our study revealing the factors that influence the extraction efficiency of shosaikoto will be the basis for empirical evidence about decocting Kampo medicine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2012/890524 |
| format | Article |
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To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto with regard to the extract, tannin content, and major constituents. We found that the residual crude drugs had large amounts of compounds, especially saikosaponin b2, which had a 78.3% yield compared to that in the first decoction. The extraction efficiency increased when decoction time and volume of water increased. Both increases had an additive effect on the yield of the extract and saikosaponin b2 in particular. We also found that the size of crude drug pieces that are available in Japanese markets is suitable for decoction because of quick permeation of water. From our study, the second decoction may be a valuable contribution to medical treatment and of effective use of crude drugs. Moreover, time and volume of water should be increased when patients have trouble in preparing a decoction. Our study revealing the factors that influence the extraction efficiency of shosaikoto will be the basis for empirical evidence about decocting Kampo medicine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2012/890524</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22973407</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Chinese medicine ; Constituents ; Drinking water ; Drug dosages ; Efficiency ; Herbal medicine ; Medical treatment ; Natural resources ; Quality ; Quantitative analysis ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2012-01, Vol.2012 (2012), p.1-7</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 Megumi Sumino et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Megumi Sumino et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Megumi Sumino et al. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-dfd5c18bf4c88fdf6e32553786b34884babe9116b5cf7179fda62ef27a950aa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-dfd5c18bf4c88fdf6e32553786b34884babe9116b5cf7179fda62ef27a950aa3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1325-7046 ; 0000-0003-1047-7999</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437970/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437970/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22973407$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>De Feo, Vincenzo</contributor><contributor>Vincenzo De Feo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hirasaki, Yoshiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikegami, Fumio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saito, Yuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sumino, Megumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Namiki, Takao</creatorcontrib><title>Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) is one of the frequently used traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines, Japan). To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto with regard to the extract, tannin content, and major constituents. We found that the residual crude drugs had large amounts of compounds, especially saikosaponin b2, which had a 78.3% yield compared to that in the first decoction. The extraction efficiency increased when decoction time and volume of water increased. Both increases had an additive effect on the yield of the extract and saikosaponin b2 in particular. We also found that the size of crude drug pieces that are available in Japanese markets is suitable for decoction because of quick permeation of water. From our study, the second decoction may be a valuable contribution to medical treatment and of effective use of crude drugs. Moreover, time and volume of water should be increased when patients have trouble in preparing a decoction. Our study revealing the factors that influence the extraction efficiency of shosaikoto will be the basis for empirical evidence about decocting Kampo medicine.</description><subject>Chinese medicine</subject><subject>Constituents</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Quantitative analysis</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>1741-427X</issn><issn>1741-4288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1v1DAQxS0EoqVw4gyyxKWAlvojjp0LEloWqFSEBHvozZo49sZL1i52UuiB_x23KSvgwskjvd88vdEzQo8peUWpECeMUHaiGiJYdQcdUlnRRcWUuruf5fkBepDzlhDWSCnvowNWBl4ReYh-rn6MCczoY8Ar57zxNpgrHB3-0scM_mscIz4-9xBND76f8BrC5jmG0OHTcGnz6Ddws1w2xt7ij7CNCS9jKMo42TBm7MON8tlm300w4GWaOovfpmmTH6J7DoZsH92-R2j9brVeflicfXp_unxztjCCs3HRuU4YqlpXGaVc52rLmRBcqrrllVJVC61tKK1bYZyksnEd1Mw6JqERBIAfodez7cXU7mxnSqwEg75IfgfpSkfw-m8l-F5v4qXmFZeNJMXg-NYgxW9TuVrvfDZ2GCDYOGVNCW-UorUUBX32D7qNUwrlOs1IzVQpQdFCvZwpk2LOybp9GEr0dav6ulU9t1rop3_m37O_ayzAixnofejgu_-P25MZtgWxDvZw07DyYfgvHii1cg</recordid><startdate>20120101</startdate><enddate>20120101</enddate><creator>Hirasaki, Yoshiro</creator><creator>Ikegami, Fumio</creator><creator>Saito, Yuko</creator><creator>Sumino, Megumi</creator><creator>Namiki, Takao</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-7046</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-7999</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20120101</creationdate><title>Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs</title><author>Hirasaki, Yoshiro ; Ikegami, Fumio ; Saito, Yuko ; Sumino, Megumi ; Namiki, Takao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-dfd5c18bf4c88fdf6e32553786b34884babe9116b5cf7179fda62ef27a950aa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Chinese medicine</topic><topic>Constituents</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Herbal medicine</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Natural resources</topic><topic>Quality</topic><topic>Quantitative analysis</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hirasaki, Yoshiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikegami, Fumio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saito, Yuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sumino, Megumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Namiki, Takao</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hirasaki, Yoshiro</au><au>Ikegami, Fumio</au><au>Saito, Yuko</au><au>Sumino, Megumi</au><au>Namiki, Takao</au><au>De Feo, Vincenzo</au><au>Vincenzo De Feo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs</atitle><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>2012</volume><issue>2012</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>7</epage><pages>1-7</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) is one of the frequently used traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines, Japan). To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto with regard to the extract, tannin content, and major constituents. We found that the residual crude drugs had large amounts of compounds, especially saikosaponin b2, which had a 78.3% yield compared to that in the first decoction. The extraction efficiency increased when decoction time and volume of water increased. Both increases had an additive effect on the yield of the extract and saikosaponin b2 in particular. We also found that the size of crude drug pieces that are available in Japanese markets is suitable for decoction because of quick permeation of water. From our study, the second decoction may be a valuable contribution to medical treatment and of effective use of crude drugs. Moreover, time and volume of water should be increased when patients have trouble in preparing a decoction. Our study revealing the factors that influence the extraction efficiency of shosaikoto will be the basis for empirical evidence about decocting Kampo medicine.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>22973407</pmid><doi>10.1155/2012/890524</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-7046</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-7999</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Chinese medicine Constituents Drinking water Drug dosages Efficiency Herbal medicine Medical treatment Natural resources Quality Quantitative analysis Toxicology |
| title | Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs |
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