Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos
Climate warming can trigger abrupt ecosystem changes in the Arctic. Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period (1980–20...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2012-08, Vol.109 (35), p.14052-14057 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Kortsch, Susanne Primicerio, Raul Beuchel, Frank Renaud, Paul E Rodrigues, João Lønne, Ole Jørgen Gulliksen, Bjørn |
| description | Climate warming can trigger abrupt ecosystem changes in the Arctic. Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period (1980–2010) of gradually increasing seawater temperature and decreasing sea ice cover in Svalbard, we document rapid and extensive structural changes in the rocky-bottom communities of two Arctic fjords. The most striking component of the benthic reorganization was an abrupt fivefold increase in macroalgal cover in 1995 in Kongsfjord and an eightfold increase in 2000 in Smeerenburgfjord. Simultaneous changes in the abundance of benthic invertebrates suggest that the macroalgae played a key structuring role in these communities. The abrupt, substantial, and persistent nature of the changes observed is indicative of a climate-driven ecological regime shift. The ecological processes thought to drive the observed regime shifts are likely to promote the borealization of these Arctic marine communities in the coming years. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1207509109 |
| format | Article |
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Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period (1980–2010) of gradually increasing seawater temperature and decreasing sea ice cover in Svalbard, we document rapid and extensive structural changes in the rocky-bottom communities of two Arctic fjords. The most striking component of the benthic reorganization was an abrupt fivefold increase in macroalgal cover in 1995 in Kongsfjord and an eightfold increase in 2000 in Smeerenburgfjord. Simultaneous changes in the abundance of benthic invertebrates suggest that the macroalgae played a key structuring role in these communities. The abrupt, substantial, and persistent nature of the changes observed is indicative of a climate-driven ecological regime shift. The ecological processes thought to drive the observed regime shifts are likely to promote the borealization of these Arctic marine communities in the coming years.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207509109</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22891319</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Algae ; Aquatic life ; Arctic Regions ; benthic organisms ; Biological Sciences ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Communities ; Community structure ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystems ; environmental impact ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Fjords ; Global warming ; ice ; Ice Cover - microbiology ; Invertebrates ; Linear Models ; Macroalgae ; Marine Biology - methods ; Marine ecology ; Marine ecosystems ; Phaeophyceae - growth & development ; Rhodophyta - growth & development ; seawater ; Seawater - microbiology ; Synecology ; Temperature ; time series analysis</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2012-08, Vol.109 (35), p.14052-14057</ispartof><rights>copyright © 1993-2008 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Aug 28, 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-59e203e341fa7a17214a5fa0663b825a50728f024d408fa14a3bfa67aea5d43f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c558t-59e203e341fa7a17214a5fa0663b825a50728f024d408fa14a3bfa67aea5d43f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/109/35.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41701641$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41701641$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27923,27924,53790,53792,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22891319$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kortsch, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Primicerio, Raul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beuchel, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renaud, Paul E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigues, João</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lønne, Ole Jørgen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gulliksen, Bjørn</creatorcontrib><title>Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Climate warming can trigger abrupt ecosystem changes in the Arctic. Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period (1980–2010) of gradually increasing seawater temperature and decreasing sea ice cover in Svalbard, we document rapid and extensive structural changes in the rocky-bottom communities of two Arctic fjords. The most striking component of the benthic reorganization was an abrupt fivefold increase in macroalgal cover in 1995 in Kongsfjord and an eightfold increase in 2000 in Smeerenburgfjord. Simultaneous changes in the abundance of benthic invertebrates suggest that the macroalgae played a key structuring role in these communities. The abrupt, substantial, and persistent nature of the changes observed is indicative of a climate-driven ecological regime shift. The ecological processes thought to drive the observed regime shifts are likely to promote the borealization of these Arctic marine communities in the coming years.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Aquatic life</subject><subject>Arctic Regions</subject><subject>benthic organisms</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Community structure</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Fjords</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>ice</subject><subject>Ice Cover - microbiology</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Macroalgae</subject><subject>Marine Biology - methods</subject><subject>Marine ecology</subject><subject>Marine ecosystems</subject><subject>Phaeophyceae - growth & development</subject><subject>Rhodophyta - growth & development</subject><subject>seawater</subject><subject>Seawater - microbiology</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>time series analysis</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkM1rGzEUxEVJSdy0556SLOS88Xv6WK0uBWOathDoIfFZPK8lW8bedaW1If99tdhx2ot0mN-bGYaxrwgPCFqMdy2lB-SgFRgE84GN8otlJQ1csBEA12Utubxin1JaA4BRNVyyK85rgwLNiKnpJmypd-UihoNri-iWYeuKtAq-T0Voi0ls-tAUW4qhdcXctf2qS5_ZR0-b5L6c_ms2e_z-Mv1ZPv3-8Ws6eSobpeq-VMZxEE5I9KQJNUdJyhNUlZjXXJECzWsPXC4k1J6yKuaeKk2O1EIKL67Zt6Pvbj_fukWT0yNt7C7mzvHVdhTs_0obVnbZHayQQqGW2eD-ZBC7P3uXervu9rHNnS2C0AMmqkyNj1QTu5Si8-cEBDvsbIed7fvO-eL232Jn_m3YDBQnYLh8tzNWKIsSFM_IzRFZp76LZ0aiBqwkZv3uqHvqLC1jSHb2zLMGgNyoHPIXOyCVyQ</recordid><startdate>20120828</startdate><enddate>20120828</enddate><creator>Kortsch, Susanne</creator><creator>Primicerio, Raul</creator><creator>Beuchel, Frank</creator><creator>Renaud, Paul E</creator><creator>Rodrigues, João</creator><creator>Lønne, Ole Jørgen</creator><creator>Gulliksen, Bjørn</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120828</creationdate><title>Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos</title><author>Kortsch, Susanne ; 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Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period (1980–2010) of gradually increasing seawater temperature and decreasing sea ice cover in Svalbard, we document rapid and extensive structural changes in the rocky-bottom communities of two Arctic fjords. The most striking component of the benthic reorganization was an abrupt fivefold increase in macroalgal cover in 1995 in Kongsfjord and an eightfold increase in 2000 in Smeerenburgfjord. Simultaneous changes in the abundance of benthic invertebrates suggest that the macroalgae played a key structuring role in these communities. The abrupt, substantial, and persistent nature of the changes observed is indicative of a climate-driven ecological regime shift. 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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Algae Aquatic life Arctic Regions benthic organisms Biological Sciences Climate Climate Change Communities Community structure Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystems environmental impact Environmental Monitoring - methods Fjords Global warming ice Ice Cover - microbiology Invertebrates Linear Models Macroalgae Marine Biology - methods Marine ecology Marine ecosystems Phaeophyceae - growth & development Rhodophyta - growth & development seawater Seawater - microbiology Synecology Temperature time series analysis |
| title | Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos |
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