A novel GABAA receptor pharmacology: drugs interacting with the α+β‐ interface

GABAA receptors are ligand‐gated chloride channels composed of five subunits that can belong to different subunit classes. The existence of 19 different subunits gives rise to a multiplicity of GABAA receptor subtypes with distinct subunit composition; regional, cellular and subcellular distribution...

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Veröffentlicht in:British journal of pharmacology 2012-05, Vol.166 (2), p.476-485
Hauptverfasser: Sieghart, Werner, Ramerstorfer, Joachim, Sarto‐Jackson, Isabella, Varagic, Zdravko, Ernst, Margot
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 476
container_title British journal of pharmacology
container_volume 166
creator Sieghart, Werner
Ramerstorfer, Joachim
Sarto‐Jackson, Isabella
Varagic, Zdravko
Ernst, Margot
description GABAA receptors are ligand‐gated chloride channels composed of five subunits that can belong to different subunit classes. The existence of 19 different subunits gives rise to a multiplicity of GABAA receptor subtypes with distinct subunit composition; regional, cellular and subcellular distribution; and pharmacology. Most of these receptors are composed of two α, two β and one γ2 subunits. GABAA receptors are the site of action of a variety of pharmacologically and clinically important drugs, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, neuroactive steroids, anaesthetics and convulsants. Whereas GABA acts at the two extracellular β+α‐ interfaces of GABAA receptors, the allosteric modulatory benzodiazepines interact with the extracellular α+γ2‐ interface. In contrast, barbiturates, neuroactive steroids and anaesthetics seem to interact with solvent accessible pockets in the transmembrane domain. Several benzodiazepine site ligands have been identified that selectively interact with GABAA receptor subtypes containing α2βγ2, α3βγ2 or α5βγ2 subunits. This indicates that the different α subunit types present in these receptors convey sufficient structural differences to the benzodiazepine binding site to allow specific interaction with certain benzodiazepine site ligands. Recently, a novel drug binding site was identified at the α+β‐ interface. This binding site is homologous to the benzodiazepine binding site at the α+γ2‐ interface and is thus also strongly influenced by the type of α subunit present in the receptor. Drugs interacting with this binding site cannot directly activate but only allosterically modulate GABAA receptors. The possible importance of such drugs addressing a spectrum of receptor subtypes completely different from that of benzodiazepines is discussed.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01779.x
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subjects allosteric binding sites
anesthetics
barbiturates
benzodiazepines
Biological and medical sciences
CGS 9895
GABAA receptors
Medical sciences
pharmacology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
receptor subtypes
Reviews
steroids
structure
title A novel GABAA receptor pharmacology: drugs interacting with the α+β‐ interface
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