Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease
This article is part of a Special Issue "Hormones & Neurotrauma". Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully u...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Hormones and behavior 2013-02, Vol.63 (2), p.301-307 |
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| creator | Vest, Rebekah S. Pike, Christian J. |
| description | This article is part of a Special Issue "Hormones & Neurotrauma".
Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women and androgens in men increases vulnerability of the aging brain to AD pathogenesis. We review evidence of a wide range of beneficial neural actions of sex steroid hormones that may contribute to their hypothesized protective roles against AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert general neuroprotective actions relevant to a several neurodegenerative conditions, some in a sex-specific manner, including protection from neuron death and promotion of select aspects of neural plasticity. In addition, estrogens and androgens regulate key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis, in particular the accumulation of β-amyloid protein. We discuss evidence of hormone-specific mechanisms related to the regulation of the production and clearance of β-amyloid as critical protective pathways. Continued elucidation of these pathways promises to yield effective hormone-based strategies to delay development of AD.
► Age-related estrogen depletion in women is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Age-related androgen depletion in men is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Relationships between hormones and Alzheimer's are often sex-specific. ► Estrogens and androgens reduce β-amyloid protein to reduce Alzheimer risk. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.006 |
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Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women and androgens in men increases vulnerability of the aging brain to AD pathogenesis. We review evidence of a wide range of beneficial neural actions of sex steroid hormones that may contribute to their hypothesized protective roles against AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert general neuroprotective actions relevant to a several neurodegenerative conditions, some in a sex-specific manner, including protection from neuron death and promotion of select aspects of neural plasticity. In addition, estrogens and androgens regulate key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis, in particular the accumulation of β-amyloid protein. We discuss evidence of hormone-specific mechanisms related to the regulation of the production and clearance of β-amyloid as critical protective pathways. Continued elucidation of these pathways promises to yield effective hormone-based strategies to delay development of AD.
► Age-related estrogen depletion in women is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Age-related androgen depletion in men is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Relationships between hormones and Alzheimer's are often sex-specific. ► Estrogens and androgens reduce β-amyloid protein to reduce Alzheimer risk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-506X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-6867</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22554955</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HOBEAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease - blood ; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism ; Alzheimer's disease ; Andropause - drug effects ; Andropause - physiology ; Animals ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases ; Estrogen ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy - methods ; Estrogens - pharmacology ; Estrogens - therapeutic use ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gender differences ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology ; Hormones and behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Menopause - blood ; Menopause - drug effects ; Menopause - physiology ; Neurology ; Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology ; Progesterone ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Steroids ; Testosterone ; β-amyloid</subject><ispartof>Hormones and behavior, 2013-02, Vol.63 (2), p.301-307</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-1e16efd94c772983e844f530b1a2341160f3f587e4fad2a45adf4d8490ecab943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-1e16efd94c772983e844f530b1a2341160f3f587e4fad2a45adf4d8490ecab943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27162978$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22554955$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vest, Rebekah S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pike, Christian J.</creatorcontrib><title>Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease</title><title>Hormones and behavior</title><addtitle>Horm Behav</addtitle><description>This article is part of a Special Issue "Hormones & Neurotrauma".
Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women and androgens in men increases vulnerability of the aging brain to AD pathogenesis. We review evidence of a wide range of beneficial neural actions of sex steroid hormones that may contribute to their hypothesized protective roles against AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert general neuroprotective actions relevant to a several neurodegenerative conditions, some in a sex-specific manner, including protection from neuron death and promotion of select aspects of neural plasticity. In addition, estrogens and androgens regulate key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis, in particular the accumulation of β-amyloid protein. We discuss evidence of hormone-specific mechanisms related to the regulation of the production and clearance of β-amyloid as critical protective pathways. Continued elucidation of these pathways promises to yield effective hormone-based strategies to delay development of AD.
► Age-related estrogen depletion in women is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Age-related androgen depletion in men is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Relationships between hormones and Alzheimer's are often sex-specific. ► Estrogens and androgens reduce β-amyloid protein to reduce Alzheimer risk.</description><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - blood</subject><subject>Alzheimer Disease - metabolism</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Andropause - drug effects</subject><subject>Andropause - physiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</subject><subject>Estrogen</subject><subject>Estrogen Replacement Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Estrogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Estrogens - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood</subject><subject>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</subject><subject>Hormones and behavior</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Menopause - blood</subject><subject>Menopause - drug effects</subject><subject>Menopause - physiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>β-amyloid</subject><issn>0018-506X</issn><issn>1095-6867</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV9rFDEUxYModl39BIIMiOhDZ8z_yTxYKEVroeCLgm8hm9xxsswkNZktrZ_ejLtW7YNPl3B_93BODkLPCW4IJvLttrkdNjA0FBPaYN5gLB-gFcGdqKWS7UO0wpioWmD59Qg9yXlbnkRw_hgdUSoE74RYIXEOwUE6rjLcVHmGFL2rhpimGCAfVya46nT8MYCfIL3OlfMZTIan6FFvxgzPDnONvnx4__nsY3356fzi7PSytkLguSZAJPSu47ZtaacYKM57wfCGGMo4IRL3rBeqBd4bRw0XxvXcKd5hsGbTcbZGJ3vdq91mAmchzMmM-ir5yaRbHY3X_26CH_S3eK2LOmsVKwJvDgIpft9BnvXks4VxNAHiLmtClcCdVHRBX95Dt3GXQom3UIwxJdXiiO0pm2LOCfo7MwTrpRa91b9q0UstGnNdailXL_7OcXfzu4cCvDoAJlsz9skE6_MfriWSdiXQGr3bc1B-_dpD0tl6CBacT2Bn7aL_r5GfexqrIA</recordid><startdate>20130201</startdate><enddate>20130201</enddate><creator>Vest, Rebekah S.</creator><creator>Pike, Christian J.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20130201</creationdate><title>Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease</title><author>Vest, Rebekah S. ; Pike, Christian J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c550t-1e16efd94c772983e844f530b1a2341160f3f587e4fad2a45adf4d8490ecab943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - blood</topic><topic>Alzheimer Disease - metabolism</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Andropause - drug effects</topic><topic>Andropause - physiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</topic><topic>Estrogen</topic><topic>Estrogen Replacement Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Estrogens - pharmacology</topic><topic>Estrogens - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood</topic><topic>Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology</topic><topic>Hormones and behavior</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Menopause - blood</topic><topic>Menopause - drug effects</topic><topic>Menopause - physiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Steroids</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>β-amyloid</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vest, Rebekah S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pike, Christian J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Hormones and behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vest, Rebekah S.</au><au>Pike, Christian J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease</atitle><jtitle>Hormones and behavior</jtitle><addtitle>Horm Behav</addtitle><date>2013-02-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>301</spage><epage>307</epage><pages>301-307</pages><issn>0018-506X</issn><eissn>1095-6867</eissn><coden>HOBEAO</coden><abstract>This article is part of a Special Issue "Hormones & Neurotrauma".
Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women and androgens in men increases vulnerability of the aging brain to AD pathogenesis. We review evidence of a wide range of beneficial neural actions of sex steroid hormones that may contribute to their hypothesized protective roles against AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert general neuroprotective actions relevant to a several neurodegenerative conditions, some in a sex-specific manner, including protection from neuron death and promotion of select aspects of neural plasticity. In addition, estrogens and androgens regulate key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis, in particular the accumulation of β-amyloid protein. We discuss evidence of hormone-specific mechanisms related to the regulation of the production and clearance of β-amyloid as critical protective pathways. Continued elucidation of these pathways promises to yield effective hormone-based strategies to delay development of AD.
► Age-related estrogen depletion in women is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Age-related androgen depletion in men is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. ► Relationships between hormones and Alzheimer's are often sex-specific. ► Estrogens and androgens reduce β-amyloid protein to reduce Alzheimer risk.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22554955</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.006</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Hormones and behavior, 2013-02, Vol.63 (2), p.301-307 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Adult and adolescent clinical studies Aging Alzheimer Disease - blood Alzheimer Disease - metabolism Alzheimer's disease Andropause - drug effects Andropause - physiology Animals Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Estrogen Estrogen Replacement Therapy - methods Estrogens - pharmacology Estrogens - therapeutic use Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender differences Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood Gonadal Steroid Hormones - physiology Hormones and behavior Humans Male Medical sciences Menopause - blood Menopause - drug effects Menopause - physiology Neurology Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology Progesterone Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Risk Factors Sex Factors Steroids Testosterone β-amyloid |
| title | Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease |
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