Intergenerational transmission and continuity of stress and depression: depressed women and their offspring in 20 years of follow-up
Children of depressed mothers not only have higher risk of depression, but also may experience both elevated and continuing exposure to stressful experiences. The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2012-05, Vol.42 (5), p.931-942 |
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| creator | Hammen, C. Hazel, N. A. Brennan, P. A. Najman, J. |
| description | Children of depressed mothers not only have higher risk of depression, but also may experience both elevated and continuing exposure to stressful experiences. The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity and maternal depression in the interplay between youth depression and stress over 20 years.
In a longitudinal community study of 705 families selected for history or absence of maternal depression, mothers and youth were studied from pregnancy to age 5 years and at youth ages 15 and 20 years. Youth and maternal depression were assessed with diagnostic interviews, acute and chronic interview-based stress assessment in the youth and contemporaneous measures of childhood adversity obtained between pregnancy and youth age 5 years.
Regression analyses indicated evidence of intergenerational transmission and continuity of depression over time, continuity of acute and chronic stress and reciprocal predictive associations between depression and stress. Maternal depression and exposure to adversities by child's age 5 years contributed to the youth's continuing experiences of depression and stress. An overall path model was consistent with stress continuity and intergenerational transmission and highlighted the mediating role of age 15 youth chronic interpersonal stress.
Youth of depressed mothers are at risk not only for depression but also for continuing experiences of acute and chronic stress from childhood to age 20. The associations among depression and stress are bidirectional and portend continuing experiences of depression and further stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0033291711001978 |
| format | Article |
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In a longitudinal community study of 705 families selected for history or absence of maternal depression, mothers and youth were studied from pregnancy to age 5 years and at youth ages 15 and 20 years. Youth and maternal depression were assessed with diagnostic interviews, acute and chronic interview-based stress assessment in the youth and contemporaneous measures of childhood adversity obtained between pregnancy and youth age 5 years.
Regression analyses indicated evidence of intergenerational transmission and continuity of depression over time, continuity of acute and chronic stress and reciprocal predictive associations between depression and stress. Maternal depression and exposure to adversities by child's age 5 years contributed to the youth's continuing experiences of depression and stress. An overall path model was consistent with stress continuity and intergenerational transmission and highlighted the mediating role of age 15 youth chronic interpersonal stress.
Youth of depressed mothers are at risk not only for depression but also for continuing experiences of acute and chronic stress from childhood to age 20. The associations among depression and stress are bidirectional and portend continuing experiences of depression and further stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711001978</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22018414</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSMDCO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Adversity ; Age ; Biological and medical sciences ; Causality ; Child of Impaired Parents - psychology ; Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data ; Children ; Children & youth ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder - psychology ; Family Health ; Female ; Females ; Follow-Up Studies ; Historical account ; Humans ; Intergenerational relationships ; Intergenerational transmission ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal depression ; Medical sciences ; Mental depression ; Mood disorders ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers ; Mothers - psychology ; Mothers - statistics & numerical data ; offspring ; Pregnancy ; Progeny ; Psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Queensland - epidemiology ; Regression analysis ; Risk factors ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Young Adult ; Young people</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2012-05, Vol.42 (5), p.931-942</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-f4958afada71798415974f108c221953b2d192ee65fd19a699d519b8900bbb9a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-f4958afada71798415974f108c221953b2d192ee65fd19a699d519b8900bbb9a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033291711001978/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,230,314,777,781,882,12827,27905,27906,30980,30981,55609</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25778247$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018414$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hammen, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazel, N. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brennan, P. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najman, J.</creatorcontrib><title>Intergenerational transmission and continuity of stress and depression: depressed women and their offspring in 20 years of follow-up</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol Med</addtitle><description>Children of depressed mothers not only have higher risk of depression, but also may experience both elevated and continuing exposure to stressful experiences. The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity and maternal depression in the interplay between youth depression and stress over 20 years.
In a longitudinal community study of 705 families selected for history or absence of maternal depression, mothers and youth were studied from pregnancy to age 5 years and at youth ages 15 and 20 years. Youth and maternal depression were assessed with diagnostic interviews, acute and chronic interview-based stress assessment in the youth and contemporaneous measures of childhood adversity obtained between pregnancy and youth age 5 years.
Regression analyses indicated evidence of intergenerational transmission and continuity of depression over time, continuity of acute and chronic stress and reciprocal predictive associations between depression and stress. Maternal depression and exposure to adversities by child's age 5 years contributed to the youth's continuing experiences of depression and stress. An overall path model was consistent with stress continuity and intergenerational transmission and highlighted the mediating role of age 15 youth chronic interpersonal stress.
Youth of depressed mothers are at risk not only for depression but also for continuing experiences of acute and chronic stress from childhood to age 20. The associations among depression and stress are bidirectional and portend continuing experiences of depression and further stress.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Adversity</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Causality</subject><subject>Child of Impaired Parents - psychology</subject><subject>Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Family Health</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Historical account</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intergenerational relationships</subject><subject>Intergenerational transmission</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maternal depression</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Mother-Child Relations</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Mothers - psychology</subject><subject>Mothers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>offspring</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Progeny</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Queensland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young people</subject><issn>0033-2917</issn><issn>1469-8978</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBERKil4DHdmKbAxKqoFSqxAE4R04y3rpK7MVOqPbOD8dhty2lAnHya80zHx6_hDwF-gooyNefKeWcaZAAlIKW6h5Zgah1qbK-T1ZLuFziB-RRSheZ4SDYQ3LAGAUlQKzIj1M_YVyjx2gmF7wZiikan0aXUr4WxvdFF_zk_OymbRFskaaIKf0K9LhZdObeXGnsi8sw4i5xOkcXc45Nm-j8unC-YLTYoolpqWTDMITLct48Jg-sGRI-2Z-H5OuH91-OP5Znn05Oj9-dlV1VV1Npha6UsaY3EqTO81daCgtUdYyBrnjLetAMsa5sFqbWuq9At0pT2ratNvyQvN3V3cztiH2HPr91aPJwo4nbJhjX3I54d96sw_eGcyWElrnAy32BGL7NmKYm76nDYTAew5waXXOhuax5Jo_-SQJlnGou_gulSvFaM5rR53-gF2GO-dOW1owxBVJkCHZQF0NKEe31A4E2i2-aO77JOc9-38x1xpVRMvBiD5jUmcFmj3Qu3XCVlIqJZUN839yMbXT9Gm9G_Hv7n9YI2xU</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Hammen, C.</creator><creator>Hazel, N. 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A. ; Najman, J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-f4958afada71798415974f108c221953b2d192ee65fd19a699d519b8900bbb9a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Adversity</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Causality</topic><topic>Child of Impaired Parents - psychology</topic><topic>Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Family Health</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Historical account</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intergenerational relationships</topic><topic>Intergenerational transmission</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maternal depression</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Mother-Child Relations</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Mothers - psychology</topic><topic>Mothers - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>offspring</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Progeny</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. 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A.</au><au>Brennan, P. A.</au><au>Najman, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intergenerational transmission and continuity of stress and depression: depressed women and their offspring in 20 years of follow-up</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Med</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>931</spage><epage>942</epage><pages>931-942</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><coden>PSMDCO</coden><abstract>Children of depressed mothers not only have higher risk of depression, but also may experience both elevated and continuing exposure to stressful experiences. The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity and maternal depression in the interplay between youth depression and stress over 20 years.
In a longitudinal community study of 705 families selected for history or absence of maternal depression, mothers and youth were studied from pregnancy to age 5 years and at youth ages 15 and 20 years. Youth and maternal depression were assessed with diagnostic interviews, acute and chronic interview-based stress assessment in the youth and contemporaneous measures of childhood adversity obtained between pregnancy and youth age 5 years.
Regression analyses indicated evidence of intergenerational transmission and continuity of depression over time, continuity of acute and chronic stress and reciprocal predictive associations between depression and stress. Maternal depression and exposure to adversities by child's age 5 years contributed to the youth's continuing experiences of depression and stress. An overall path model was consistent with stress continuity and intergenerational transmission and highlighted the mediating role of age 15 youth chronic interpersonal stress.
Youth of depressed mothers are at risk not only for depression but also for continuing experiences of acute and chronic stress from childhood to age 20. The associations among depression and stress are bidirectional and portend continuing experiences of depression and further stress.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>22018414</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0033291711001978</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2012-05, Vol.42 (5), p.931-942 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Cambridge Journals; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Adversity Age Biological and medical sciences Causality Child of Impaired Parents - psychology Child of Impaired Parents - statistics & numerical data Children Children & youth Cohort Studies Comorbidity Depression Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder - psychology Family Health Female Females Follow-Up Studies Historical account Humans Intergenerational relationships Intergenerational transmission Longitudinal Studies Male Maternal depression Medical sciences Mental depression Mood disorders Mother-Child Relations Mothers Mothers - psychology Mothers - statistics & numerical data offspring Pregnancy Progeny Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Queensland - epidemiology Regression analysis Risk factors Stress Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Stress, Psychological - psychology Young Adult Young people |
| title | Intergenerational transmission and continuity of stress and depression: depressed women and their offspring in 20 years of follow-up |
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