Inflammation, oxidation and venous neointimal hyperplasia precede vascular injury from AVF creation in CKD patients

Intimal hyperplasia (IH), a well-recognized cause of dialysis vascular access failure, is generally believed to be an acquired pathologic lesion. Recent data suggests that IH is present prior to AVF creation. We sought to determine whether pre-existing inflammation and oxidation co-exist with IH pri...

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