Mycophenolate mofetil but not atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in lupus-prone LDLr−/− mice
Rationale Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, unlike in the general population, little is known regarding the efficacy of atheroprotective interventions in pa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2012-03, Vol.71 (3), p.408-414 |
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| creator | van Leuven, Sander I Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V Wilhelm, Ashley J Wade, Nekeithia S Gabriel, Curtis L Kastelein, John J Stroes, Erik S Tak, Paul P Major, Amy S |
| description | Rationale Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, unlike in the general population, little is known regarding the efficacy of atheroprotective interventions in patients with SLE. The current study aims to determine the benefit of lymphocyte inhibition on reducing the atherosclerotic burden in SLE-susceptible LDLr-deficient mice. Methods Female LDLr−/− mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from C57Bl/6 mice (LDLr.B6) or the SLE-susceptible B6.Sle1.2.3 mice (LDLr.Sle). At 16 weeks post transplant, mice were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 40 mg/kg), or both (MMF-A) for 8 weeks, after which the extent of atherosclerosis and the presence of SLE were assessed. Results Following 8 weeks of treatment, we observed that atorvastatin-mediated reduction in cholesterol levels attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 mice but failed to significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion size in LDLr.Sle mice, in spite of a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Treatment with MMF and MMF-A attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 and LDLr.Sle mice. In addition, MMF-containing regimens inhibited recruitment of CD4+ T cells to atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr.Sle mice. In these mice, MMF also reduced the proportion of activated splenic T cells, as well as interleukin 10 secretion by T cells. With regard to lupus activity, MMF had no overt effect on anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody titres or kidney function and pathology. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that reduction of cholesterol levels alone is not atheroprotective in lupus-mediated atherogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate that MMF reduces the atherosclerotic burden in a model of lupus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results suggest that MMF treatment may prove beneficial in preventing CVD in patients with SLE. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200071 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3306213</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>920786137</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b555t-31b1a7232961604494b253e04e02892472310b2e841128692730d6533f179dd23</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkcFu1DAQhiMEokvhFSASQpxCPbZjOxcktFCKtBQJAVfLSRw2S2IH26noG3DmEXmSzirLqnDi4LHH8814xn-WPQHyAoCJM-Nc2Np5bPtYUAKAhhAJd7IVcKHQE-RutsI7VvBKyJPsQYw7dIkCdT87oVCVjHGxyuz768ZPW-v8YJLNR9_Z1A95Pafc-ZSb5MOVicmk3qGTrJsRi3jc2uBjM-xtH3OMDvM0x2IK3tl883oTfv_8dYYrH_vGPszudWaI9tFhP80-n7_5tL4oNh_evlu_2hR1WZapYFCDkZTRSoAgnFe8piWzhFtCVUU5hoDU1CoOQJWoqGSkFThJB7JqW8pOs5dL3WmuR9s21qVgBj2FfjThWnvT678jrt_qr_5KM0YEBYYFnh8KBP99tjHpsY-NHQbjrJ-jriiRSgCTSD79h9z5OTicToOUUkmJEFJyoRr8pxhsd-wFiN4rqW8pqfdK6kVJzHx8e5Rj3h_pEHh2AExszNAF4xqsceQEUZxyhVyxcH1M9scxbsI3LbDHUl9-WevLEj6y80ro_cN04etx99_d3gBGecsQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777877373</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Mycophenolate mofetil but not atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in lupus-prone LDLr−/− mice</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><creator>van Leuven, Sander I ; Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V ; Wilhelm, Ashley J ; Wade, Nekeithia S ; Gabriel, Curtis L ; Kastelein, John J ; Stroes, Erik S ; Tak, Paul P ; Major, Amy S</creator><creatorcontrib>van Leuven, Sander I ; Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V ; Wilhelm, Ashley J ; Wade, Nekeithia S ; Gabriel, Curtis L ; Kastelein, John J ; Stroes, Erik S ; Tak, Paul P ; Major, Amy S</creatorcontrib><description>Rationale Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, unlike in the general population, little is known regarding the efficacy of atheroprotective interventions in patients with SLE. The current study aims to determine the benefit of lymphocyte inhibition on reducing the atherosclerotic burden in SLE-susceptible LDLr-deficient mice. Methods Female LDLr−/− mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from C57Bl/6 mice (LDLr.B6) or the SLE-susceptible B6.Sle1.2.3 mice (LDLr.Sle). At 16 weeks post transplant, mice were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 40 mg/kg), or both (MMF-A) for 8 weeks, after which the extent of atherosclerosis and the presence of SLE were assessed. Results Following 8 weeks of treatment, we observed that atorvastatin-mediated reduction in cholesterol levels attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 mice but failed to significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion size in LDLr.Sle mice, in spite of a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Treatment with MMF and MMF-A attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 and LDLr.Sle mice. In addition, MMF-containing regimens inhibited recruitment of CD4+ T cells to atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr.Sle mice. In these mice, MMF also reduced the proportion of activated splenic T cells, as well as interleukin 10 secretion by T cells. With regard to lupus activity, MMF had no overt effect on anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody titres or kidney function and pathology. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that reduction of cholesterol levels alone is not atheroprotective in lupus-mediated atherogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate that MMF reduces the atherosclerotic burden in a model of lupus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results suggest that MMF treatment may prove beneficial in preventing CVD in patients with SLE.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-4967</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2060</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200071</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21953346</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ARDIAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antigens ; Atherosclerosis ; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) ; Atherosclerosis - etiology ; Atherosclerosis - immunology ; Atherosclerosis - pathology ; Atherosclerosis - prevention & control ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; Bone marrow ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - blood ; Cytokines ; Dermatology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical - methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heptanoic Acids - therapeutic use ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Immunity, Cellular - drug effects ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use ; Kidney diseases ; Laboratories ; Lipoproteins ; Lupus ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - drug therapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mortality ; Mycophenolic Acid - analogs & derivatives ; Mycophenolic Acid - therapeutic use ; Pathology ; Pyrroles - therapeutic use ; Rodents ; Skin involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous. General aspects ; Software ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2012-03, Vol.71 (3), p.408-414</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2012 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b555t-31b1a7232961604494b253e04e02892472310b2e841128692730d6533f179dd23</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://ard.bmj.com/content/71/3/408.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://ard.bmj.com/content/71/3/408.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,780,784,885,3196,23571,27924,27925,77472,77503</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26084248$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21953346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van Leuven, Sander I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilhelm, Ashley J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wade, Nekeithia S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabriel, Curtis L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastelein, John J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stroes, Erik S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Paul P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Major, Amy S</creatorcontrib><title>Mycophenolate mofetil but not atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in lupus-prone LDLr−/− mice</title><title>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</title><addtitle>Ann Rheum Dis</addtitle><description>Rationale Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, unlike in the general population, little is known regarding the efficacy of atheroprotective interventions in patients with SLE. The current study aims to determine the benefit of lymphocyte inhibition on reducing the atherosclerotic burden in SLE-susceptible LDLr-deficient mice. Methods Female LDLr−/− mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from C57Bl/6 mice (LDLr.B6) or the SLE-susceptible B6.Sle1.2.3 mice (LDLr.Sle). At 16 weeks post transplant, mice were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 40 mg/kg), or both (MMF-A) for 8 weeks, after which the extent of atherosclerosis and the presence of SLE were assessed. Results Following 8 weeks of treatment, we observed that atorvastatin-mediated reduction in cholesterol levels attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 mice but failed to significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion size in LDLr.Sle mice, in spite of a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Treatment with MMF and MMF-A attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 and LDLr.Sle mice. In addition, MMF-containing regimens inhibited recruitment of CD4+ T cells to atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr.Sle mice. In these mice, MMF also reduced the proportion of activated splenic T cells, as well as interleukin 10 secretion by T cells. With regard to lupus activity, MMF had no overt effect on anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody titres or kidney function and pathology. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that reduction of cholesterol levels alone is not atheroprotective in lupus-mediated atherogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate that MMF reduces the atherosclerotic burden in a model of lupus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results suggest that MMF treatment may prove beneficial in preventing CVD in patients with SLE.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - etiology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - immunology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - pathology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Atorvastatin Calcium</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical - methods</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Heptanoic Acids - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immunity, Cellular - drug effects</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Kidney diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lipoproteins</subject><subject>Lupus</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - drug therapy</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mycophenolic Acid - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Mycophenolic Acid - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Pyrroles - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Skin involvement in other diseases. 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Vascular system</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Dermatology</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Drug Evaluation, Preclinical - methods</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Heptanoic Acids - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immunity, Cellular - drug effects</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Kidney diseases</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lipoproteins</topic><topic>Lupus</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - drug therapy</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mycophenolic Acid - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Mycophenolic Acid - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Pyrroles - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Skin involvement in other diseases. 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General aspects</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van Leuven, Sander I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilhelm, Ashley J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wade, Nekeithia S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabriel, Curtis L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kastelein, John J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stroes, Erik S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tak, Paul P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Major, Amy S</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van Leuven, Sander I</au><au>Mendez-Fernandez, Yanice V</au><au>Wilhelm, Ashley J</au><au>Wade, Nekeithia S</au><au>Gabriel, Curtis L</au><au>Kastelein, John J</au><au>Stroes, Erik S</au><au>Tak, Paul P</au><au>Major, Amy S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mycophenolate mofetil but not atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in lupus-prone LDLr−/− mice</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the rheumatic diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Rheum Dis</addtitle><date>2012-03-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>408</spage><epage>414</epage><pages>408-414</pages><issn>0003-4967</issn><eissn>1468-2060</eissn><coden>ARDIAO</coden><abstract>Rationale Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, unlike in the general population, little is known regarding the efficacy of atheroprotective interventions in patients with SLE. The current study aims to determine the benefit of lymphocyte inhibition on reducing the atherosclerotic burden in SLE-susceptible LDLr-deficient mice. Methods Female LDLr−/− mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from C57Bl/6 mice (LDLr.B6) or the SLE-susceptible B6.Sle1.2.3 mice (LDLr.Sle). At 16 weeks post transplant, mice were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 40 mg/kg), or both (MMF-A) for 8 weeks, after which the extent of atherosclerosis and the presence of SLE were assessed. Results Following 8 weeks of treatment, we observed that atorvastatin-mediated reduction in cholesterol levels attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 mice but failed to significantly reduce atherosclerotic lesion size in LDLr.Sle mice, in spite of a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Treatment with MMF and MMF-A attenuated atherogenesis in LDLr.B6 and LDLr.Sle mice. In addition, MMF-containing regimens inhibited recruitment of CD4+ T cells to atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr.Sle mice. In these mice, MMF also reduced the proportion of activated splenic T cells, as well as interleukin 10 secretion by T cells. With regard to lupus activity, MMF had no overt effect on anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody titres or kidney function and pathology. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that reduction of cholesterol levels alone is not atheroprotective in lupus-mediated atherogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate that MMF reduces the atherosclerotic burden in a model of lupus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results suggest that MMF treatment may prove beneficial in preventing CVD in patients with SLE.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism</pub><pmid>21953346</pmid><doi>10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200071</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2012-03, Vol.71 (3), p.408-414 |
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| subjects | Animals Antigens Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) Atherosclerosis - etiology Atherosclerosis - immunology Atherosclerosis - pathology Atherosclerosis - prevention & control Atorvastatin Calcium Biological and medical sciences Blood and lymphatic vessels Bone marrow Cardiology. Vascular system CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - drug effects Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood Cytokines Dermatology Disease Models, Animal Diseases of the osteoarticular system Drug Evaluation, Preclinical - methods Drug Therapy, Combination Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Heptanoic Acids - therapeutic use Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - therapeutic use Immunity, Cellular - drug effects Immunoglobulins Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use Kidney diseases Laboratories Lipoproteins Lupus Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - drug therapy Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology Lymphocytes Medical sciences Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mortality Mycophenolic Acid - analogs & derivatives Mycophenolic Acid - therapeutic use Pathology Pyrroles - therapeutic use Rodents Skin involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous. General aspects Software Studies |
| title | Mycophenolate mofetil but not atorvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in lupus-prone LDLr−/− mice |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T19%3A13%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mycophenolate%20mofetil%20but%20not%20atorvastatin%20attenuates%20atherosclerosis%20in%20lupus-prone%20LDLr%E2%88%92/%E2%88%92%20mice&rft.jtitle=Annals%20of%20the%20rheumatic%20diseases&rft.au=van%20Leuven,%20Sander%20I&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=408&rft.epage=414&rft.pages=408-414&rft.issn=0003-4967&rft.eissn=1468-2060&rft.coden=ARDIAO&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200071&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E920786137%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1777877373&rft_id=info:pmid/21953346&rfr_iscdi=true |