Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone
Background Allograft tissues can undergo several freeze-thaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with mul...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2012-03, Vol.470 (3), p.937-943 |
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| creator | Shaw, Joshua M. Hunter, Shawn A. Gayton, J. Christopher Boivin, Gregory P. Prayson, Michael J. |
| description | Background
Allograft tissues can undergo several freeze-thaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with multiple cycles.
Questions/purposes
We therefore asked whether (1) the mechanical properties of fibular allograft bone would remain unchanged with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and (2) histologic alterations from increased numbers of freeze-thaw cycles would correspond to any mechanical changes.
Methods
Fibular allograft segments were subjected to two, four, and eight freeze-thaw cycles and compared biomechanically and histologically with a control group (one freeze-thaw cycle). Two freeze-dried treatments, one after being subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and the other after being subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, also were compared with the control group.
Results
For all segments, the average ultimate stress was 174 MPa, average modulus was 289 MPa, average energy was 2.00 J, and the average stiffness was 1320 N/mm. The material properties of the freeze-thaw treatment groups were similar to those of the control group: ultimate stress and modulus were a maximum of 16% and 70% different, respectively. Both freeze-dried treatments showed increased stiffness (maximum 53% ± 71%) and energy to failure (maximum 117% ± 137%) but did not exhibit morphologic differences. There were no alterations in the histologic appearance of the bone sections in any group.
Conclusions
Fibular allograft segments can be refrozen safely up to eight times without affecting the biomechanical or morphologic properties. Freeze-dried treatments require further study to determine whether the detected differences are caused by the processing.
Clinical Relevance
Cryopreserved cortical allografts are thawed by surgeons in preparation for procedures and then occasionally discarded when not used. Refreezing allograft tissues can result in a cost savings because of a reduction in wasted graft material. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11999-011-2033-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3270192</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>919957479</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-84206987e9b2191c6e92ab79bd62e72df125be7a44a041032b56bd416cd716253</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kVFrFDEQx4NY7Fn9AL5IQMSnrZnJ7ubyIrSnp4WiIgq-hWx29m7L3uaaZJX66c1xZ20Fn0KYX_6ZmR9jz0CcghDqdQTQWhcCoEAhZVE9YDOocF4ASHzIZkIIXWiE78fscYxX-SrLCh-xY4R5LaXGGTNfaEs2UcuXgegXFWltf_LFjRso8reef_SJnw2JAk9r4ue935Bb27F3duCfg99SSH0mfceXfTMNNmR68Ktgu8TP_UhP2FFnh0hPD-cJ-7Z893Xxobj89P5icXZZuFLrVMxLFLWeK9INggZXk0bbKN20NZLCtgOsGlK2LK0oQUhsqrppS6hdq6DGSp6wN_vc7dRsqHU0pmAHsw39xoYb421v7lfGfm1W_oeRqARozAGvDgHBX08Uk9n00dEw2JH8FI3Oq65UqXQmX_xDXvkpjHk6AwKhlhoqyBTsKRd8jIG6215AmJ09s7dnsj2zs2d2Qzy_O8Ttiz-6MvDyANiYDXTBjq6Pf7mqBqlKmTncczGXxhWFuy3-7_ffkbOxQA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1021639151</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>Shaw, Joshua M. ; Hunter, Shawn A. ; Gayton, J. Christopher ; Boivin, Gregory P. ; Prayson, Michael J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Joshua M. ; Hunter, Shawn A. ; Gayton, J. Christopher ; Boivin, Gregory P. ; Prayson, Michael J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Allograft tissues can undergo several freeze-thaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with multiple cycles.
Questions/purposes
We therefore asked whether (1) the mechanical properties of fibular allograft bone would remain unchanged with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and (2) histologic alterations from increased numbers of freeze-thaw cycles would correspond to any mechanical changes.
Methods
Fibular allograft segments were subjected to two, four, and eight freeze-thaw cycles and compared biomechanically and histologically with a control group (one freeze-thaw cycle). Two freeze-dried treatments, one after being subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and the other after being subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, also were compared with the control group.
Results
For all segments, the average ultimate stress was 174 MPa, average modulus was 289 MPa, average energy was 2.00 J, and the average stiffness was 1320 N/mm. The material properties of the freeze-thaw treatment groups were similar to those of the control group: ultimate stress and modulus were a maximum of 16% and 70% different, respectively. Both freeze-dried treatments showed increased stiffness (maximum 53% ± 71%) and energy to failure (maximum 117% ± 137%) but did not exhibit morphologic differences. There were no alterations in the histologic appearance of the bone sections in any group.
Conclusions
Fibular allograft segments can be refrozen safely up to eight times without affecting the biomechanical or morphologic properties. Freeze-dried treatments require further study to determine whether the detected differences are caused by the processing.
Clinical Relevance
Cryopreserved cortical allografts are thawed by surgeons in preparation for procedures and then occasionally discarded when not used. Refreezing allograft tissues can result in a cost savings because of a reduction in wasted graft material.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-921X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-1132</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-2033-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21863392</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CORTBR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Basic Research ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomechanics. Biorheology ; Conservative Orthopedics ; Cryopreservation ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Female ; Fibula - transplantation ; Freezing ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedics ; Sports Medicine ; Stress, Mechanical ; Surgery ; Surgical Orthopedics ; Tissue Preservation ; Tissues, organs and organisms biophysics ; Transplantation, Homologous</subject><ispartof>Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2012-03, Vol.470 (3), p.937-943</ispartof><rights>The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons® 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-84206987e9b2191c6e92ab79bd62e72df125be7a44a041032b56bd416cd716253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-84206987e9b2191c6e92ab79bd62e72df125be7a44a041032b56bd416cd716253</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270192/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270192/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,27926,27927,41490,42559,51321,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25613743$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21863392$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Joshua M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Shawn A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gayton, J. Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boivin, Gregory P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prayson, Michael J.</creatorcontrib><title>Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone</title><title>Clinical orthopaedics and related research</title><addtitle>Clin Orthop Relat Res</addtitle><addtitle>Clin Orthop Relat Res</addtitle><description>Background
Allograft tissues can undergo several freeze-thaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with multiple cycles.
Questions/purposes
We therefore asked whether (1) the mechanical properties of fibular allograft bone would remain unchanged with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and (2) histologic alterations from increased numbers of freeze-thaw cycles would correspond to any mechanical changes.
Methods
Fibular allograft segments were subjected to two, four, and eight freeze-thaw cycles and compared biomechanically and histologically with a control group (one freeze-thaw cycle). Two freeze-dried treatments, one after being subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and the other after being subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, also were compared with the control group.
Results
For all segments, the average ultimate stress was 174 MPa, average modulus was 289 MPa, average energy was 2.00 J, and the average stiffness was 1320 N/mm. The material properties of the freeze-thaw treatment groups were similar to those of the control group: ultimate stress and modulus were a maximum of 16% and 70% different, respectively. Both freeze-dried treatments showed increased stiffness (maximum 53% ± 71%) and energy to failure (maximum 117% ± 137%) but did not exhibit morphologic differences. There were no alterations in the histologic appearance of the bone sections in any group.
Conclusions
Fibular allograft segments can be refrozen safely up to eight times without affecting the biomechanical or morphologic properties. Freeze-dried treatments require further study to determine whether the detected differences are caused by the processing.
Clinical Relevance
Cryopreserved cortical allografts are thawed by surgeons in preparation for procedures and then occasionally discarded when not used. Refreezing allograft tissues can result in a cost savings because of a reduction in wasted graft material.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Basic Research</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Biomechanics. Biorheology</subject><subject>Conservative Orthopedics</subject><subject>Cryopreservation</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibula - transplantation</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Orthopedics</subject><subject>Tissue Preservation</subject><subject>Tissues, organs and organisms biophysics</subject><subject>Transplantation, Homologous</subject><issn>0009-921X</issn><issn>1528-1132</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kVFrFDEQx4NY7Fn9AL5IQMSnrZnJ7ubyIrSnp4WiIgq-hWx29m7L3uaaZJX66c1xZ20Fn0KYX_6ZmR9jz0CcghDqdQTQWhcCoEAhZVE9YDOocF4ASHzIZkIIXWiE78fscYxX-SrLCh-xY4R5LaXGGTNfaEs2UcuXgegXFWltf_LFjRso8reef_SJnw2JAk9r4ue935Bb27F3duCfg99SSH0mfceXfTMNNmR68Ktgu8TP_UhP2FFnh0hPD-cJ-7Z893Xxobj89P5icXZZuFLrVMxLFLWeK9INggZXk0bbKN20NZLCtgOsGlK2LK0oQUhsqrppS6hdq6DGSp6wN_vc7dRsqHU0pmAHsw39xoYb421v7lfGfm1W_oeRqARozAGvDgHBX08Uk9n00dEw2JH8FI3Oq65UqXQmX_xDXvkpjHk6AwKhlhoqyBTsKRd8jIG6215AmJ09s7dnsj2zs2d2Qzy_O8Ttiz-6MvDyANiYDXTBjq6Pf7mqBqlKmTncczGXxhWFuy3-7_ffkbOxQA</recordid><startdate>20120301</startdate><enddate>20120301</enddate><creator>Shaw, Joshua M.</creator><creator>Hunter, Shawn A.</creator><creator>Gayton, J. 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Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Orthopedics</topic><topic>Tissue Preservation</topic><topic>Tissues, organs and organisms biophysics</topic><topic>Transplantation, Homologous</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Joshua M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunter, Shawn A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gayton, J. 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Christopher</au><au>Boivin, Gregory P.</au><au>Prayson, Michael J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone</atitle><jtitle>Clinical orthopaedics and related research</jtitle><stitle>Clin Orthop Relat Res</stitle><addtitle>Clin Orthop Relat Res</addtitle><date>2012-03-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>470</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>937</spage><epage>943</epage><pages>937-943</pages><issn>0009-921X</issn><eissn>1528-1132</eissn><coden>CORTBR</coden><abstract>Background
Allograft tissues can undergo several freeze-thaw cycles between donor tissue recovery and final use by surgeons. However, there are currently no standards indicating the number of reasonable freeze-thaw cycles for allograft bone and it is unclear how much a graft may be degraded with multiple cycles.
Questions/purposes
We therefore asked whether (1) the mechanical properties of fibular allograft bone would remain unchanged with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles and (2) histologic alterations from increased numbers of freeze-thaw cycles would correspond to any mechanical changes.
Methods
Fibular allograft segments were subjected to two, four, and eight freeze-thaw cycles and compared biomechanically and histologically with a control group (one freeze-thaw cycle). Two freeze-dried treatments, one after being subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and the other after being subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles, also were compared with the control group.
Results
For all segments, the average ultimate stress was 174 MPa, average modulus was 289 MPa, average energy was 2.00 J, and the average stiffness was 1320 N/mm. The material properties of the freeze-thaw treatment groups were similar to those of the control group: ultimate stress and modulus were a maximum of 16% and 70% different, respectively. Both freeze-dried treatments showed increased stiffness (maximum 53% ± 71%) and energy to failure (maximum 117% ± 137%) but did not exhibit morphologic differences. There were no alterations in the histologic appearance of the bone sections in any group.
Conclusions
Fibular allograft segments can be refrozen safely up to eight times without affecting the biomechanical or morphologic properties. Freeze-dried treatments require further study to determine whether the detected differences are caused by the processing.
Clinical Relevance
Cryopreserved cortical allografts are thawed by surgeons in preparation for procedures and then occasionally discarded when not used. Refreezing allograft tissues can result in a cost savings because of a reduction in wasted graft material.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21863392</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11999-011-2033-5</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 2012-03, Vol.470 (3), p.937-943 |
| issn | 0009-921X 1528-1132 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Adult Aged Basic Research Biological and medical sciences Biomechanical Phenomena Biomechanics. Biorheology Conservative Orthopedics Cryopreservation Diseases of the osteoarticular system Female Fibula - transplantation Freezing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Orthopedics Sports Medicine Stress, Mechanical Surgery Surgical Orthopedics Tissue Preservation Tissues, organs and organisms biophysics Transplantation, Homologous |
| title | Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles Do Not Alter the Biomechanical Properties of Fibular Allograft Bone |
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