Systems Analysis of a Maize Leaf Developmental Gradient Redefines the Current C₄ Model and Provides Candidates for Regulation
We systematically analyzed a developmental gradient of the third maize (Zea mays) leaf from the point of emergence into the light to the tip in 10 continuous leaf slices to study organ development and physiological and biochemical functions. Transcriptome analysis, oxygen sensitivity of photosynthes...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Plant cell 2011-12, Vol.23 (12), p.4208-4220 |
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| creator | Pick, Thea R. Bräutigam, Andrea Schlüter, Urte Denton, Alisandra K. Colmsee, Christian Scholz, Uwe Fahnenstich, Holger Pieruschka, Roland Rascher, Uwe Sonnewald, Uwe Weber, Andreas P.M. |
| description | We systematically analyzed a developmental gradient of the third maize (Zea mays) leaf from the point of emergence into the light to the tip in 10 continuous leaf slices to study organ development and physiological and biochemical functions. Transcriptome analysis, oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis, and photosynthetic rate measurements showed that the maize leaf undergoes a sink-to-source transition without an intermediate phase of C₃ photosynthesis or operation of a photorespiratory carbon pump. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis, chlorophyll and protein measurements, as well as dry weight determination, showed continuous gradients for all analyzed items. The absence of binary on-off switches and regulons pointed to a morphogradient along the leaf as the determining factor of developmental stage. Analysis of transcription factors for differential expression along the leaf gradient defined a list of putative regulators orchestrating the sink-to-source transition and establishment of C₄ photosynthesis. Finally, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, as well as enzyme activity measurements, and absolute quantification of selected metabolites revised the current model of maize C₄ photosynthesis. All data sets are included within the publication to serve as a resource for maize leaf systems biology. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1105/tpc.111.090324 |
| format | Article |
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Transcriptome analysis, oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis, and photosynthetic rate measurements showed that the maize leaf undergoes a sink-to-source transition without an intermediate phase of C₃ photosynthesis or operation of a photorespiratory carbon pump. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis, chlorophyll and protein measurements, as well as dry weight determination, showed continuous gradients for all analyzed items. The absence of binary on-off switches and regulons pointed to a morphogradient along the leaf as the determining factor of developmental stage. Analysis of transcription factors for differential expression along the leaf gradient defined a list of putative regulators orchestrating the sink-to-source transition and establishment of C₄ photosynthesis. Finally, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, as well as enzyme activity measurements, and absolute quantification of selected metabolites revised the current model of maize C₄ photosynthesis. All data sets are included within the publication to serve as a resource for maize leaf systems biology.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1040-4651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-298X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.090324</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22186372</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>C4 photosynthesis ; Chlorophyll - analysis ; Chlorophyll - chemistry ; Chloroplasts ; Cluster Analysis ; Corn ; Datasets ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzymes ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Large-Scale Biology ; LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLES ; Light ; Lipid metabolism ; Malates - chemistry ; Metabolites ; Metabolome ; Oxygen - chemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Plant Leaves - genetics ; Plant Leaves - physiology ; Plant Proteins - chemistry ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plants ; Pyruvic Acid - chemistry ; Transcription factors ; Transcription Factors - chemistry ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome ; Zea mays - chemistry ; Zea mays - genetics ; Zea mays - physiology</subject><ispartof>The Plant cell, 2011-12, Vol.23 (12), p.4208-4220</ispartof><rights>2012 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>2011 American Society of Plant Biologists. 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Transcriptome analysis, oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis, and photosynthetic rate measurements showed that the maize leaf undergoes a sink-to-source transition without an intermediate phase of C₃ photosynthesis or operation of a photorespiratory carbon pump. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis, chlorophyll and protein measurements, as well as dry weight determination, showed continuous gradients for all analyzed items. The absence of binary on-off switches and regulons pointed to a morphogradient along the leaf as the determining factor of developmental stage. Analysis of transcription factors for differential expression along the leaf gradient defined a list of putative regulators orchestrating the sink-to-source transition and establishment of C₄ photosynthesis. Finally, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, as well as enzyme activity measurements, and absolute quantification of selected metabolites revised the current model of maize C₄ photosynthesis. All data sets are included within the publication to serve as a resource for maize leaf systems biology.</description><subject>C4 photosynthesis</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - analysis</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - chemistry</subject><subject>Chloroplasts</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes, Plant</subject><subject>Large-Scale Biology</subject><subject>LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLES</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>Malates - chemistry</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Metabolome</subject><subject>Oxygen - chemistry</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Pyruvic Acid - chemistry</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - chemistry</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Transcriptome</subject><subject>Zea mays - chemistry</subject><subject>Zea mays - genetics</subject><subject>Zea mays - physiology</subject><issn>1040-4651</issn><issn>1532-298X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUU1v1DAUjBAVLYUrN5BvnLL4a-34glQFaJG2AvEhcbNek-fWlRNv7WSl5YKE-KX8krradgUnjz3z5o01VfWC0QVjdPlmWncFsAU1VHD5qDpiS8FrbpofjwumktZSLdlh9TTna0op08w8qQ45Z40Smh9Vv75u84RDJicjhG32mURHgJyD_4lkheDIO9xgiOsBxwkCOU3Q-wLJF-zR-REzma6QtHNKd6_t399_yHnsMRAYe_I5xY3vi6YtN9_DVKCLqQxfzgEmH8dn1YGDkPH5_Xlcff_w_lt7Vq8-nX5sT1Z1J7iSddPIpvyXarnUQirdoUJg5kIpKQG0Nk5QxkBz5wpBdSOd6QwIlJpKpqQ4rt7ufNfzxYB9V8ImCHad_ABpayN4-z8z-it7GTe2rDeNosXg9b1Bijcz5skOPncYAowY52wNM7wk5U1RLnbKLsWcE7r9FkbtXWm2lFYAs7vSysCrf7Pt5Q8tFcHLneA6TzHtecmkEIZpcQv-T54u</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Pick, Thea R.</creator><creator>Bräutigam, Andrea</creator><creator>Schlüter, Urte</creator><creator>Denton, Alisandra K.</creator><creator>Colmsee, Christian</creator><creator>Scholz, Uwe</creator><creator>Fahnenstich, Holger</creator><creator>Pieruschka, Roland</creator><creator>Rascher, Uwe</creator><creator>Sonnewald, Uwe</creator><creator>Weber, Andreas P.M.</creator><general>American Society of Plant Biologists</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111201</creationdate><title>Systems Analysis of a Maize Leaf Developmental Gradient Redefines the Current C₄ Model and Provides Candidates for Regulation</title><author>Pick, Thea R. ; 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Transcriptome analysis, oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis, and photosynthetic rate measurements showed that the maize leaf undergoes a sink-to-source transition without an intermediate phase of C₃ photosynthesis or operation of a photorespiratory carbon pump. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis, chlorophyll and protein measurements, as well as dry weight determination, showed continuous gradients for all analyzed items. The absence of binary on-off switches and regulons pointed to a morphogradient along the leaf as the determining factor of developmental stage. Analysis of transcription factors for differential expression along the leaf gradient defined a list of putative regulators orchestrating the sink-to-source transition and establishment of C₄ photosynthesis. Finally, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, as well as enzyme activity measurements, and absolute quantification of selected metabolites revised the current model of maize C₄ photosynthesis. All data sets are included within the publication to serve as a resource for maize leaf systems biology.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>22186372</pmid><doi>10.1105/tpc.111.090324</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | C4 photosynthesis Chlorophyll - analysis Chlorophyll - chemistry Chloroplasts Cluster Analysis Corn Datasets Enzyme Activation Enzymes Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes, Plant Large-Scale Biology LARGE-SCALE BIOLOGY ARTICLES Light Lipid metabolism Malates - chemistry Metabolites Metabolome Oxygen - chemistry Photosynthesis Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - physiology Plant Proteins - chemistry Plant Proteins - genetics Plants Pyruvic Acid - chemistry Transcription factors Transcription Factors - chemistry Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription, Genetic Transcriptome Zea mays - chemistry Zea mays - genetics Zea mays - physiology |
| title | Systems Analysis of a Maize Leaf Developmental Gradient Redefines the Current C₄ Model and Provides Candidates for Regulation |
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