CD4+ T helper 2 cells – microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions
Summary Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate‐like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5),...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Immunology 2011-12, Vol.134 (4), p.368-377 |
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| creator | Okoye, Isobel S. Wilson, Mark S. |
| description | Summary
Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate‐like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐13 and IL‐9 as well as IL‐4‐producing and antigen‐processing basophils have (re)‐emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence αβ+ CD4+ Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T‐cell receptor ligation, co‐stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03497.x |
| format | Article |
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Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate‐like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐13 and IL‐9 as well as IL‐4‐producing and antigen‐processing basophils have (re)‐emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence αβ+ CD4+ Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T‐cell receptor ligation, co‐stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0019-2805</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2567</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03497.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22043920</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Allergens - immunology ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Bacterial - immunology ; Basophils - immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD4/helper T cells (Th cells,Th0,Th1,Th2,Th3,TH17) ; Cell Communication - immunology ; Cell Differentiation - immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity - immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Infections - immunology ; Interleukin-13 - immunology ; Interleukin-13 - metabolism ; Interleukin-4 - immunology ; Interleukin-4 - metabolism ; Interleukin-5 - immunology ; Interleukin-5 - metabolism ; Interleukin-9 - immunology ; Interleukin-9 - metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology ; Receptors, Cytokine - immunology ; Review ; T cell receptors ; T cells ; Th2 Cells - classification ; Th2 Cells - cytology ; Th2 Cells - immunology ; Th2 Cells - metabolism ; T‐cell receptor</subject><ispartof>Immunology, 2011-12, Vol.134 (4), p.368-377</ispartof><rights>2011 The Authors. Immunology © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. Immunology © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4847-7ca0bb09a0ec924775da938fa3f635df2117ea6b1e72d6ab7e258b32806287b03</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230791/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230791/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,1427,27903,27904,45553,45554,46387,46811,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22043920$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Isobel S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Mark S.</creatorcontrib><title>CD4+ T helper 2 cells – microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions</title><title>Immunology</title><addtitle>Immunology</addtitle><description>Summary
Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate‐like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐13 and IL‐9 as well as IL‐4‐producing and antigen‐processing basophils have (re)‐emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence αβ+ CD4+ Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T‐cell receptor ligation, co‐stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned.</description><subject>Allergens - immunology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigen Presentation</subject><subject>Antigens, Bacterial - immunology</subject><subject>Basophils - immunology</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>CD4/helper T cells (Th cells,Th0,Th1,Th2,Th3,TH17)</subject><subject>Cell Communication - immunology</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity - immunology</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate</subject><subject>Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-13 - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-13 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-5 - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-5 - metabolism</subject><subject>Interleukin-9 - immunology</subject><subject>Interleukin-9 - metabolism</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Activation</subject><subject>Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology</subject><subject>Receptors, Cytokine - immunology</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>T cell receptors</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - classification</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>T‐cell receptor</subject><issn>0019-2805</issn><issn>1365-2567</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkstO3DAUhi3UCqZTXgFZYtFFm_TYjuN4USQ09IIE6oauLSc5GTzKZbATCjveoW_YJ6lT6Ih2U298-T_9-n3OIYQySFlc7zcpE7lMuMxVyoGxFESmVXq3RxY74QVZADCd8ALkAXkVwiZeBUi5Tw44h0xoDgtiV2fZW3pFr7HdoqecVti2gf58-EE7V_mhdLalo3frNfrwjtauadBjPzo7uqGnHm8m57GLL4HavqYY9WocPG2mvpqR8Jq8bGwb8PBpX5Jvnz5erb4kF18_n69OL5IqKzKVqMpCWYK2gJXmmVKytloUjRVNLmTdcMYU2rxkqHid21Ihl0Up4u9yXqgSxJKcPPpup7LDuoqRvG3N1rvO-nszWGf-Vnp3bdbDrRFcgNIsGrx5MvDDzYRhNJ0Lczlsj8MUjGYym5Pl_yeBC64LrSJ5_A-5GSbfxzqY6JaDKrLILsnR8-i7zH_aFIEPj8B31-L9Tmdg5nEwGzN33cxdN_M4mN_jYO7M-eXlfBK_ADFTqTo</recordid><startdate>201112</startdate><enddate>201112</enddate><creator>Okoye, Isobel S.</creator><creator>Wilson, Mark S.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201112</creationdate><title>CD4+ T helper 2 cells – microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions</title><author>Okoye, Isobel S. ; Wilson, Mark S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4847-7ca0bb09a0ec924775da938fa3f635df2117ea6b1e72d6ab7e258b32806287b03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Allergens - immunology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigen Presentation</topic><topic>Antigens, Bacterial - immunology</topic><topic>Basophils - immunology</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>CD4/helper T cells (Th cells,Th0,Th1,Th2,Th3,TH17)</topic><topic>Cell Communication - immunology</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity - immunology</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate</topic><topic>Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-13 - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-13 - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-5 - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-5 - metabolism</topic><topic>Interleukin-9 - immunology</topic><topic>Interleukin-9 - metabolism</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Activation</topic><topic>Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology</topic><topic>Receptors, Cytokine - immunology</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>T cell receptors</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - classification</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>T‐cell receptor</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Isobel S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Mark S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okoye, Isobel S.</au><au>Wilson, Mark S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CD4+ T helper 2 cells – microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions</atitle><jtitle>Immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Immunology</addtitle><date>2011-12</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>134</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>368</spage><epage>377</epage><pages>368-377</pages><issn>0019-2805</issn><eissn>1365-2567</eissn><abstract>Summary
Over the past 10 years we have made great strides in our understanding of T helper cell differentiation, expansion and effector functions. Within the context of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell development, novel innate‐like cells with the capacity to secrete large amounts of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐13 and IL‐9 as well as IL‐4‐producing and antigen‐processing basophils have (re)‐emerged onto the type 2 scene. To what extent these new players influence αβ+ CD4+ Th2 cell differentiation is discussed throughout this appraisal of the current literature. We highlight the unique features of Th2 cell development, highlighting the three necessary signals, T‐cell receptor ligation, co‐stimulation and cytokine receptor ligation. Finally, putting these into context, microbial and allergenic properties that trigger Th2 cell differentiation and how these influence Th2 effector function are discussed and questioned.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22043920</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03497.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Wiley Free Content; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Allergens - immunology Animals Antigen Presentation Antigens, Bacterial - immunology Basophils - immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD4/helper T cells (Th cells,Th0,Th1,Th2,Th3,TH17) Cell Communication - immunology Cell Differentiation - immunology Humans Hypersensitivity - immunology Immunity, Innate Infections - immunology Interleukin-13 - immunology Interleukin-13 - metabolism Interleukin-4 - immunology Interleukin-4 - metabolism Interleukin-5 - immunology Interleukin-5 - metabolism Interleukin-9 - immunology Interleukin-9 - metabolism Lymphocyte Activation Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology Receptors, Cytokine - immunology Review T cell receptors T cells Th2 Cells - classification Th2 Cells - cytology Th2 Cells - immunology Th2 Cells - metabolism T‐cell receptor |
| title | CD4+ T helper 2 cells – microbial triggers, differentiation requirements and effector functions |
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