Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse
Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach,...
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description | Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. The amounts ingested then gradually increase until the animal has determined whether the substance is safe and nutritious. So the old rat-catchers would first put a palatable substance such as oatmeal, which was to be the vehicle for the toxin, in the infested area. Only when large amounts were being readily consumed would they then add the poison, in amounts calculated not to affect the taste of the vehicle. The poisoned bait, which the animals were now readily eating in large amounts, would then swiftly perform its function.
Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk |
doi_str_mv | 10.3791/2613 |
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Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk</description><identifier>EISSN: 1940-087X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3791/2613</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21633328</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: MyJove Corporation</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anxiety - diagnosis ; Feeding Behavior - psychology ; Food Preferences - psychology ; Mice ; Neuroscience ; Rats</subject><ispartof>Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2011-05 (51)</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011, Journal of Visualized Experiments</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011, Journal of Visualized Experiments 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttps://www.jove.com/files/email_thumbs/2613.png</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197427/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197427/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21633328$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Deacon, Rob M.J.</creatorcontrib><title>Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse</title><title>Journal of Visualized Experiments</title><addtitle>J Vis Exp</addtitle><description>Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. The amounts ingested then gradually increase until the animal has determined whether the substance is safe and nutritious. So the old rat-catchers would first put a palatable substance such as oatmeal, which was to be the vehicle for the toxin, in the infested area. Only when large amounts were being readily consumed would they then add the poison, in amounts calculated not to affect the taste of the vehicle. The poisoned bait, which the animals were now readily eating in large amounts, would then swiftly perform its function.
Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anxiety - diagnosis</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Food Preferences - psychology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subject>Rats</subject><issn>1940-087X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkEtLw0AUhQdBbG39AW5k_kB0XpmHCyEUa4UWNwruhklz00xoMyGPYv69karo6h6453xwDkJzSm65MvSOScrP0JQaQSKi1fsEXbZtSYhkJNYXaMKo5JwzPUVkNdShglAXbufdPU7wBlzbN4BDjpPqw0M3YF_hrgC8CX0Lc3Seu30LV993ht6Wj6-LVbR-eXpeJOuo5FR2kZLAtlmm3CiEIUCVTgUzOaOp0Jl0TBHOQcZpymKSEaMVi6UywqROOy1iPkMPJ27dpwfItlB1jdvbuvEH1ww2OG__fypf2F04Wk6NEkyNgJu_gN_kT_fRcH0ylOEItgx9U42F7Nd2_BOCDF75</recordid><startdate>20110517</startdate><enddate>20110517</enddate><creator>Deacon, Rob M.J.</creator><general>MyJove Corporation</general><scope>BVVXV</scope><scope>DRUMS</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110517</creationdate><title>Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse</title><author>Deacon, Rob M.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-j316t-76e2cdd7a76e490e178b429f21b48d6a27033e65bb250d09872567949ba8a8453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anxiety - diagnosis</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Food Preferences - psychology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Neuroscience</topic><topic>Rats</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Deacon, Rob M.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>JoVE Journal: Neuroscience</collection><collection>JoVE Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of Visualized Experiments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Deacon, Rob M.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Visualized Experiments</jtitle><addtitle>J Vis Exp</addtitle><date>2011-05-17</date><risdate>2011</risdate><issue>51</issue><eissn>1940-087X</eissn><abstract>Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. The amounts ingested then gradually increase until the animal has determined whether the substance is safe and nutritious. So the old rat-catchers would first put a palatable substance such as oatmeal, which was to be the vehicle for the toxin, in the infested area. Only when large amounts were being readily consumed would they then add the poison, in amounts calculated not to affect the taste of the vehicle. The poisoned bait, which the animals were now readily eating in large amounts, would then swiftly perform its function.
Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>MyJove Corporation</pub><pmid>21633328</pmid><doi>10.3791/2613</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
subjects | Animals Anxiety - diagnosis Feeding Behavior - psychology Food Preferences - psychology Mice Neuroscience Rats |
title | Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse |
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