Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes
Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic...
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description | Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity. |
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Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-067X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2540</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.166</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21224878</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HDTYAT</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>631/158/857 ; 631/181/457/649 ; Adaptation, Physiological - genetics ; Animal populations ; Animals ; Anthropogenic factors ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Climate change ; Cytogenetics ; Ecology ; Embryonic growth stage ; Environmental changes ; Evolution & development ; Evolutionary Biology ; Gardens & gardening ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype & phenotype ; Human Genetics ; Hybrids ; Life history ; Phenotype ; Plant Genetics and Genomics ; Plasticity ; Population genetics ; Review ; Salmon ; Salmonidae ; Salmonidae - genetics ; Salmonidae - physiology ; Variability ; Vitaceae</subject><ispartof>Heredity, 2011-03, Vol.106 (3), p.421-437</ispartof><rights>The Genetics Society 2011</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 2011</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 The Genetics Society 2011 The Genetics Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-ab45d0bd024ec178d7af76e4594a0812066f205c41282ffb93e565bdc8c06f723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-ab45d0bd024ec178d7af76e4594a0812066f205c41282ffb93e565bdc8c06f723</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131971/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131971/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224878$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hutchings, J A</creatorcontrib><title>Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes</title><title>Heredity</title><addtitle>Heredity</addtitle><addtitle>Heredity (Edinb)</addtitle><description>Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.</description><subject>631/158/857</subject><subject>631/181/457/649</subject><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - genetics</subject><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Cytogenetics</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Embryonic growth stage</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Evolution & development</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Gardens & gardening</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic markers</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genotype & 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Professional</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Heredity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hutchings, J A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes</atitle><jtitle>Heredity</jtitle><stitle>Heredity</stitle><addtitle>Heredity (Edinb)</addtitle><date>2011-03-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>106</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>421</spage><epage>437</epage><pages>421-437</pages><issn>0018-067X</issn><eissn>1365-2540</eissn><coden>HDTYAT</coden><abstract>Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>21224878</pmid><doi>10.1038/hdy.2010.166</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | 631/158/857 631/181/457/649 Adaptation, Physiological - genetics Animal populations Animals Anthropogenic factors Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Climate change Cytogenetics Ecology Embryonic growth stage Environmental changes Evolution & development Evolutionary Biology Gardens & gardening Genetic diversity Genetic markers Genetic Variation Genotype & phenotype Human Genetics Hybrids Life history Phenotype Plant Genetics and Genomics Plasticity Population genetics Review Salmon Salmonidae Salmonidae - genetics Salmonidae - physiology Variability Vitaceae |
title | Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes |
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