Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes

Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic...

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Veröffentlicht in:Heredity 2011-03, Vol.106 (3), p.421-437
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description Genetic variability in reaction norms reflects differences in the ability of individuals, populations and ultimately species to respond to environmental change. By increasing our understanding of how genotype × environment interactions influence evolution, studies of genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity serve to refine our capacity to predict how populations will respond to natural and anthropogenic environmental variability, including climate change. Given the extraordinary variability in morphology, behaviour and life history in salmonids, one might anticipate the research milieu on reaction norms in these fishes to be empirically rich and intellectually engaging. Here, I undertake a review of genetic variability in continuous and discontinuous (threshold) norms of reaction in salmonid fishes, as determined primarily (but not exclusively) by common-garden experiments. Although in its infancy from a numerical publication perspective, there is taxonomically broad evidence of genetic differentiation in continuous, threshold and bivariate reaction norms among individuals, families and populations (including inter-population hybrids and backcrosses) for traits as divergent as embryonic development, age and size at maturity, and gene expression. There is compelling inferential evidence that plasticity is heritable and that population differences in reaction norms can reflect adaptive responses, by natural selection, to local environments. As a stimulus for future work, a series of 20 research questions are identified that focus on reaction-norm variability, selection, costs and constraints, demographic and conservation consequences, and genetic markers and correlates of phenotypic plasticity.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/hdy.2010.166
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source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Nature Journals Online; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central
subjects 631/158/857
631/181/457/649
Adaptation, Physiological - genetics
Animal populations
Animals
Anthropogenic factors
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Climate change
Cytogenetics
Ecology
Embryonic growth stage
Environmental changes
Evolution & development
Evolutionary Biology
Gardens & gardening
Genetic diversity
Genetic markers
Genetic Variation
Genotype & phenotype
Human Genetics
Hybrids
Life history
Phenotype
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Plasticity
Population genetics
Review
Salmon
Salmonidae
Salmonidae - genetics
Salmonidae - physiology
Variability
Vitaceae
title Old wine in new bottles: reaction norms in salmonid fishes
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