Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus
Aims/hypothesis Decreased sleep duration and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep characteristics to long-term glycaemic control and to assess possible ri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia 2011-08, Vol.54 (8), p.1967-1976 |
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| container_end_page | 1976 |
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| container_issue | 8 |
| container_start_page | 1967 |
| container_title | Diabetologia |
| container_volume | 54 |
| creator | van Dijk, M. Donga, E. van Dijk, J. G. Lammers, G. J. van Kralingen, K. W. Dekkers, O. M. Corssmit, E. P. M. Romijn, J. A. |
| description | Aims/hypothesis
Decreased sleep duration and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep characteristics to long-term glycaemic control and to assess possible risk factors for impaired sleep.
Methods
We studied 99 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (55 men, 44 women, duration of diabetes 26.9 ± 1.2 years) and 99 age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-diabetic controls. Subjective sleep characteristics were assessed by validated questionnaires, i.e. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Berlin Questionnaire. Glucoregulation was assessed by HbA
1c
values. Clinical variables were obtained from medical charts. Depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Peripheral polyneuropathy was assessed by neurological examination and quantitative sensory testing.
Results
Of the patients with type 1 diabetes, 35% had subjective poor sleep quality compared with 20% of the control participants (
p
= 0.021). A higher proportion of the patients with type 1 diabetes were at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (17.2% vs 5.1%,
p
= 0.012). There was no significant association between individual sleep characteristics and HbA
1c
values. On logistic regression analysis, the HADS depression score, presence of peripheral polyneuropathy, habitual snoring and other sleep disturbances (e.g. hypoglycaemia) were independently associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusions/interpretation
Adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus have disturbed subjective sleep quality and a higher risk for OSA compared with control participants. Subjective sleep disturbances are part of the complex syndrome of long-standing type 1 diabetes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-011-2184-7 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3131522</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2393527971</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-10c910cd2be39d660a58597b4d7464800ff7fb3f4ee040cda4912422c6f82da73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU-LFDEQxYMo7uzqB_AiQRBPrfnb6b4IsroqLHhR8BbS6eqZDD3pNpVe2W9vmhl3VfAQ6lC_enmPR8gzzl5zxswbZIwLXTHOK8EbVZkHZMOVFBVTonlINuu64k39_YycI-4ZY1Kr-jE5E1wb2TK1Ibv3AfOSOugpLt0efA43QHEEmKnfueR8hlSQ4JGGSF2_jJnOLgeIGenPkHd0nOK2wuxiH-KW5tsZKKd9cB1kQHqAcQx5wSfk0eBGhKeneUG-XX34evmpuv7y8fPlu-vKq7bJFWe-La8XHci2r2vmdKNb06neqFo1jA2DGTo5KACmCudUy4USwtdDI3pn5AV5e9Sdl-4AvS8-kxvtnMLBpVs7uWD_3sSws9vpxkouuRaiCLw6CaTpxwKY7SGgLylchGlB2xhthOKsLeSLf8j9tKRY0q2Q5rVpVz_8CPk0ISYY7qxwZtcW7bFFW1q0a4t2vXn-Z4a7i9-1FeDlCXDo3TgkF33Ae05JKYzmhRNHDssqbiHdO_z_778AdFS2pw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>875516797</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>van Dijk, M. ; Donga, E. ; van Dijk, J. G. ; Lammers, G. J. ; van Kralingen, K. W. ; Dekkers, O. M. ; Corssmit, E. P. M. ; Romijn, J. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>van Dijk, M. ; Donga, E. ; van Dijk, J. G. ; Lammers, G. J. ; van Kralingen, K. W. ; Dekkers, O. M. ; Corssmit, E. P. M. ; Romijn, J. A.</creatorcontrib><description>Aims/hypothesis
Decreased sleep duration and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep characteristics to long-term glycaemic control and to assess possible risk factors for impaired sleep.
Methods
We studied 99 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (55 men, 44 women, duration of diabetes 26.9 ± 1.2 years) and 99 age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-diabetic controls. Subjective sleep characteristics were assessed by validated questionnaires, i.e. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Berlin Questionnaire. Glucoregulation was assessed by HbA
1c
values. Clinical variables were obtained from medical charts. Depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Peripheral polyneuropathy was assessed by neurological examination and quantitative sensory testing.
Results
Of the patients with type 1 diabetes, 35% had subjective poor sleep quality compared with 20% of the control participants (
p
= 0.021). A higher proportion of the patients with type 1 diabetes were at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (17.2% vs 5.1%,
p
= 0.012). There was no significant association between individual sleep characteristics and HbA
1c
values. On logistic regression analysis, the HADS depression score, presence of peripheral polyneuropathy, habitual snoring and other sleep disturbances (e.g. hypoglycaemia) were independently associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusions/interpretation
Adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus have disturbed subjective sleep quality and a higher risk for OSA compared with control participants. Subjective sleep disturbances are part of the complex syndrome of long-standing type 1 diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2184-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21573904</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anxiety ; Biological and medical sciences ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - psychology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Epidemiology ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hospitals ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology ; Questionnaires ; Restless legs syndrome ; Sleep apnea ; Sleep disorders ; Sleep Wake Disorders - physiopathology ; Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology ; Sleep. Vigilance ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2011-08, Vol.54 (8), p.1967-1976</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-10c910cd2be39d660a58597b4d7464800ff7fb3f4ee040cda4912422c6f82da73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-10c910cd2be39d660a58597b4d7464800ff7fb3f4ee040cda4912422c6f82da73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-011-2184-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-011-2184-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24332751$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21573904$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van Dijk, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donga, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Dijk, J. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lammers, G. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Kralingen, K. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekkers, O. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corssmit, E. P. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romijn, J. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>Aims/hypothesis
Decreased sleep duration and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep characteristics to long-term glycaemic control and to assess possible risk factors for impaired sleep.
Methods
We studied 99 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (55 men, 44 women, duration of diabetes 26.9 ± 1.2 years) and 99 age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-diabetic controls. Subjective sleep characteristics were assessed by validated questionnaires, i.e. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Berlin Questionnaire. Glucoregulation was assessed by HbA
1c
values. Clinical variables were obtained from medical charts. Depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Peripheral polyneuropathy was assessed by neurological examination and quantitative sensory testing.
Results
Of the patients with type 1 diabetes, 35% had subjective poor sleep quality compared with 20% of the control participants (
p
= 0.021). A higher proportion of the patients with type 1 diabetes were at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (17.2% vs 5.1%,
p
= 0.012). There was no significant association between individual sleep characteristics and HbA
1c
values. On logistic regression analysis, the HADS depression score, presence of peripheral polyneuropathy, habitual snoring and other sleep disturbances (e.g. hypoglycaemia) were independently associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusions/interpretation
Adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus have disturbed subjective sleep quality and a higher risk for OSA compared with control participants. Subjective sleep disturbances are part of the complex syndrome of long-standing type 1 diabetes.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - psychology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypoglycemia</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Restless legs syndrome</subject><subject>Sleep apnea</subject><subject>Sleep disorders</subject><subject>Sleep Wake Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Sleep. Vigilance</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU-LFDEQxYMo7uzqB_AiQRBPrfnb6b4IsroqLHhR8BbS6eqZDD3pNpVe2W9vmhl3VfAQ6lC_enmPR8gzzl5zxswbZIwLXTHOK8EbVZkHZMOVFBVTonlINuu64k39_YycI-4ZY1Kr-jE5E1wb2TK1Ibv3AfOSOugpLt0efA43QHEEmKnfueR8hlSQ4JGGSF2_jJnOLgeIGenPkHd0nOK2wuxiH-KW5tsZKKd9cB1kQHqAcQx5wSfk0eBGhKeneUG-XX34evmpuv7y8fPlu-vKq7bJFWe-La8XHci2r2vmdKNb06neqFo1jA2DGTo5KACmCudUy4USwtdDI3pn5AV5e9Sdl-4AvS8-kxvtnMLBpVs7uWD_3sSws9vpxkouuRaiCLw6CaTpxwKY7SGgLylchGlB2xhthOKsLeSLf8j9tKRY0q2Q5rVpVz_8CPk0ISYY7qxwZtcW7bFFW1q0a4t2vXn-Z4a7i9-1FeDlCXDo3TgkF33Ae05JKYzmhRNHDssqbiHdO_z_778AdFS2pw</recordid><startdate>20110801</startdate><enddate>20110801</enddate><creator>van Dijk, M.</creator><creator>Donga, E.</creator><creator>van Dijk, J. G.</creator><creator>Lammers, G. J.</creator><creator>van Kralingen, K. W.</creator><creator>Dekkers, O. M.</creator><creator>Corssmit, E. P. M.</creator><creator>Romijn, J. A.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110801</creationdate><title>Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus</title><author>van Dijk, M. ; Donga, E. ; van Dijk, J. G. ; Lammers, G. J. ; van Kralingen, K. W. ; Dekkers, O. M. ; Corssmit, E. P. M. ; Romijn, J. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-10c910cd2be39d660a58597b4d7464800ff7fb3f4ee040cda4912422c6f82da73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - psychology</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypoglycemia</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Restless legs syndrome</topic><topic>Sleep apnea</topic><topic>Sleep disorders</topic><topic>Sleep Wake Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Sleep. Vigilance</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>van Dijk, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donga, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Dijk, J. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lammers, G. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Kralingen, K. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dekkers, O. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corssmit, E. P. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romijn, J. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>van Dijk, M.</au><au>Donga, E.</au><au>van Dijk, J. G.</au><au>Lammers, G. J.</au><au>van Kralingen, K. W.</au><au>Dekkers, O. M.</au><au>Corssmit, E. P. M.</au><au>Romijn, J. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><stitle>Diabetologia</stitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2011-08-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1967</spage><epage>1976</epage><pages>1967-1976</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>Aims/hypothesis
Decreased sleep duration and/or impaired sleep quality negatively influence glucoregulation. The aim of this study was to assess subjective sleep characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes, to relate sleep characteristics to long-term glycaemic control and to assess possible risk factors for impaired sleep.
Methods
We studied 99 adult patients with type 1 diabetes (55 men, 44 women, duration of diabetes 26.9 ± 1.2 years) and 99 age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-diabetic controls. Subjective sleep characteristics were assessed by validated questionnaires, i.e. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Berlin Questionnaire. Glucoregulation was assessed by HbA
1c
values. Clinical variables were obtained from medical charts. Depression was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Peripheral polyneuropathy was assessed by neurological examination and quantitative sensory testing.
Results
Of the patients with type 1 diabetes, 35% had subjective poor sleep quality compared with 20% of the control participants (
p
= 0.021). A higher proportion of the patients with type 1 diabetes were at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (17.2% vs 5.1%,
p
= 0.012). There was no significant association between individual sleep characteristics and HbA
1c
values. On logistic regression analysis, the HADS depression score, presence of peripheral polyneuropathy, habitual snoring and other sleep disturbances (e.g. hypoglycaemia) were independently associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusions/interpretation
Adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus have disturbed subjective sleep quality and a higher risk for OSA compared with control participants. Subjective sleep disturbances are part of the complex syndrome of long-standing type 1 diabetes.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21573904</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-011-2184-7</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Diabetologia, 2011-08, Vol.54 (8), p.1967-1976 |
| issn | 0012-186X 1432-0428 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Adult Anxiety Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - psychology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Epidemiology Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hospitals Human Physiology Humans Hypoglycemia Insulin Internal Medicine Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Peripheral Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology Questionnaires Restless legs syndrome Sleep apnea Sleep disorders Sleep Wake Disorders - physiopathology Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology Sleep. Vigilance Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | Disturbed subjective sleep characteristics in adult patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus |
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