Quantitative Determination of Acetaldehyde in Foods Using Automated Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid Followed by Headspace Gas Chromatography
Acetaldehyde (ethanal) is a genotoxic carcinogen, which may occur naturally or as an added flavour in foods. We have developed an efficient method to analyze the compound in a wide variety of food matrices. The analysis is conducted using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of analytical methods in chemistry 2011-01, Vol.2011 (2011), p.1-13 |
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| creator | Uebelacker, Michael Lachenmeier, Dirk W. |
| description | Acetaldehyde (ethanal) is a genotoxic carcinogen, which may occur naturally or as an added flavour in foods. We have developed an efficient method to analyze the compound in a wide variety of food matrices. The analysis is conducted using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector. Using a robot autosampler, the samples are digested in full automation with simulated gastric fluid (1 h at 37°C) under shaking, which frees acetaldehyde loosely bound to matrix compounds. Afterwards, an aliquot of the HS is injected into the GC system. Standard addition was applied for quantification to compensate for matrix effects. The precision of the method was sufficient ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2011/907317 |
| format | Article |
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We have developed an efficient method to analyze the compound in a wide variety of food matrices. The analysis is conducted using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector. Using a robot autosampler, the samples are digested in full automation with simulated gastric fluid (1 h at 37°C) under shaking, which frees acetaldehyde loosely bound to matrix compounds. Afterwards, an aliquot of the HS is injected into the GC system. Standard addition was applied for quantification to compensate for matrix effects. The precision of the method was sufficient (<3% coefficient of variation). The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L and the limit of quantification was 0.04 mg/L. 140 authentic samples were analyzed. The acetaldehyde content in apples was 0.97±0.80 mg/kg, orange juice contained 3.86±2.88 mg/kg. The highest concentration was determined in a yoghurt (17 mg/kg). A first-exposure estimation resulted in a daily acetaldehyde intake of less than 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight from food, which is considerably lower than the exposures from alcohol consumption or tobacco smoking.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1463-9246</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2090-8865</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1464-5068</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2090-8873</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2011/907317</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21747735</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Acetaldehyde ; Automation ; Beverages ; Carcinogens ; Chemical properties ; Chromatography ; Ethanol ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Fluids ; Food ; Food contamination ; Foods ; Fruits ; Gas chromatography ; Identification and classification ; Mechanization ; Methods ; Risk assessment ; Robots ; Simulation ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2011-01, Vol.2011 (2011), p.1-13</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 Michael Uebelacker and Dirk W. Lachenmeier.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Michael Uebelacker and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. Michael Uebelacker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 M. Uebelacker and D. W. Lachenmeier. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-beba8460a113afd1c2359bf23e292e0d34662ee47214c3bbd9c1c22a7616140c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-beba8460a113afd1c2359bf23e292e0d34662ee47214c3bbd9c1c22a7616140c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3115-864X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124883/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124883/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21747735$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Garcia-Reyes, Juan F.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Uebelacker, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Determination of Acetaldehyde in Foods Using Automated Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid Followed by Headspace Gas Chromatography</title><title>Journal of analytical methods in chemistry</title><addtitle>J Autom Methods Manag Chem</addtitle><description>Acetaldehyde (ethanal) is a genotoxic carcinogen, which may occur naturally or as an added flavour in foods. We have developed an efficient method to analyze the compound in a wide variety of food matrices. The analysis is conducted using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector. Using a robot autosampler, the samples are digested in full automation with simulated gastric fluid (1 h at 37°C) under shaking, which frees acetaldehyde loosely bound to matrix compounds. Afterwards, an aliquot of the HS is injected into the GC system. Standard addition was applied for quantification to compensate for matrix effects. The precision of the method was sufficient (<3% coefficient of variation). The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L and the limit of quantification was 0.04 mg/L. 140 authentic samples were analyzed. The acetaldehyde content in apples was 0.97±0.80 mg/kg, orange juice contained 3.86±2.88 mg/kg. The highest concentration was determined in a yoghurt (17 mg/kg). A first-exposure estimation resulted in a daily acetaldehyde intake of less than 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight from food, which is considerably lower than the exposures from alcohol consumption or tobacco smoking.</description><subject>Acetaldehyde</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Foods</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Mechanization</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Robots</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>1463-9246</issn><issn>2090-8865</issn><issn>1464-5068</issn><issn>2090-8873</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl1rFDEUhgdRbK1eea0EvBFl23zMJDM3wrJ1W6Egor0OmeTMTspMsiaZlv0d_mGzu3VpRZBcJDnned9wTk5RvCb4lJCqOqOYkLMGC0bEk-KYlLycVZjXT3dnNmtoyY-KFzHeYEwbWtXPiyNKRCkEq46LX98m5ZJNKtlbQOeQIIzW5Zt3yHdoriGpwUC_MYCsQ0vvTUTX0boVmk_JjyqBQed2BXEnubOpR9_tOA27xIWKKViNlsNkTRYPg7_L4XaDLkGZuFYatgxa9GFr5VdBrfvNy-JZp4YIr-73k-J6-fnH4nJ29fXiy2J-NdMVr9KshVbVJceKEKY6QzRlVdN2lEEuE7BhJecUoBSUlJq1rWl0ZqgSnHBSYs1Oik973_XUjmA0uBTUINfBjipspFdWPs4428uVv5WM0LKuWTZ4f28Q_M8pt0CONmoYBuXAT1ESzAjDomQ8o-_-Qm_8FFwuL1Okyl_Y4AfUSg0gret8fldvTeWcilpwXDc0U6f_oPIyMFrtHXQ2xx8JPu4FOvgYA3SHGgmW2xmS2xmS-xnK9NuHbTmwf4YmAx_2QG-dUXf2P25v9jBkBDp1gCssctHsNyd72Mc</recordid><startdate>20110101</startdate><enddate>20110101</enddate><creator>Uebelacker, Michael</creator><creator>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creator><general>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-864X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20110101</creationdate><title>Quantitative Determination of Acetaldehyde in Foods Using Automated Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid Followed by Headspace Gas Chromatography</title><author>Uebelacker, Michael ; Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-beba8460a113afd1c2359bf23e292e0d34662ee47214c3bbd9c1c22a7616140c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Acetaldehyde</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Beverages</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Fluids</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food contamination</topic><topic>Foods</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Mechanization</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Robots</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Uebelacker, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Middle East & Africa Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of analytical methods in chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Uebelacker, Michael</au><au>Lachenmeier, Dirk W.</au><au>Garcia-Reyes, Juan F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Determination of Acetaldehyde in Foods Using Automated Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid Followed by Headspace Gas Chromatography</atitle><jtitle>Journal of analytical methods in chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>J Autom Methods Manag Chem</addtitle><date>2011-01-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>2011</volume><issue>2011</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>1-13</pages><issn>1463-9246</issn><issn>2090-8865</issn><eissn>1464-5068</eissn><eissn>2090-8873</eissn><abstract>Acetaldehyde (ethanal) is a genotoxic carcinogen, which may occur naturally or as an added flavour in foods. We have developed an efficient method to analyze the compound in a wide variety of food matrices. The analysis is conducted using headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector. Using a robot autosampler, the samples are digested in full automation with simulated gastric fluid (1 h at 37°C) under shaking, which frees acetaldehyde loosely bound to matrix compounds. Afterwards, an aliquot of the HS is injected into the GC system. Standard addition was applied for quantification to compensate for matrix effects. The precision of the method was sufficient (<3% coefficient of variation). The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L and the limit of quantification was 0.04 mg/L. 140 authentic samples were analyzed. The acetaldehyde content in apples was 0.97±0.80 mg/kg, orange juice contained 3.86±2.88 mg/kg. The highest concentration was determined in a yoghurt (17 mg/kg). A first-exposure estimation resulted in a daily acetaldehyde intake of less than 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight from food, which is considerably lower than the exposures from alcohol consumption or tobacco smoking.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</pub><pmid>21747735</pmid><doi>10.1155/2011/907317</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-864X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetaldehyde Automation Beverages Carcinogens Chemical properties Chromatography Ethanol Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Fluids Food Food contamination Foods Fruits Gas chromatography Identification and classification Mechanization Methods Risk assessment Robots Simulation Studies |
| title | Quantitative Determination of Acetaldehyde in Foods Using Automated Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid Followed by Headspace Gas Chromatography |
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