Structure of the rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells
The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene encodes a protein which plays a critical role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Its expression is predominantly restricted to the hypothalamus although It has also been described In the placenta. To begin to determine the promoter elements important...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nucleic acids research 1992-03, Vol.20 (6), p.1393-1399 |
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| creator | Kepa, Jadwiga K. Wang, Chun Neeley, Christine I. Raynolds, Mary V. Gordon, David F. Wood, William M. Wierman, Margaret E. |
| description | The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene encodes a protein which plays a critical role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Its expression is predominantly restricted to the hypothalamus although It has also been described In the placenta. To begin to determine the promoter elements important for tissue specific expression and to examine the mechanisms of developmental and hormonal regulation of the rat GnRH (rGnRH) gene, we cloned the rGnRH gene from a rat liver genomic DNA library. The nucleotide sequence of greater than 3 kb of 5′-flanking region was determined. The transcriptional initiation site in rat hypothalamic tissue and a mouse hypothalamic cell line were mapped by primer extension analysis and found to be different. In addition, transient transfection studies demonstrated that multiple regions of the distal promoter are Important for tissue specific and basal promoter activity in hypothalamic cells. Furthermore, in these cells a potent activation region resides between − 3026 and −1031 bp and suppressor region between −1031 and −903 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. We conclude that different portions of the 5′-flanking region, which are activating and suppressing in nature, are critical for hypothalamic expression of the rGnRH gene. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/nar/20.6.1393 |
| format | Article |
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Its expression is predominantly restricted to the hypothalamus although It has also been described In the placenta. To begin to determine the promoter elements important for tissue specific expression and to examine the mechanisms of developmental and hormonal regulation of the rat GnRH (rGnRH) gene, we cloned the rGnRH gene from a rat liver genomic DNA library. The nucleotide sequence of greater than 3 kb of 5′-flanking region was determined. The transcriptional initiation site in rat hypothalamic tissue and a mouse hypothalamic cell line were mapped by primer extension analysis and found to be different. In addition, transient transfection studies demonstrated that multiple regions of the distal promoter are Important for tissue specific and basal promoter activity in hypothalamic cells. Furthermore, in these cells a potent activation region resides between − 3026 and −1031 bp and suppressor region between −1031 and −903 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. We conclude that different portions of the 5′-flanking region, which are activating and suppressing in nature, are critical for hypothalamic expression of the rGnRH gene.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0305-1048</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1362-4962</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.6.1393</identifier><identifier>PMID: 1561095</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NARHAD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; DNA ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genes. Genome ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics ; Hypothalamus - cytology ; Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Molecular genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organ Specificity - genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; Restriction Mapping ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection</subject><ispartof>Nucleic acids research, 1992-03, Vol.20 (6), p.1393-1399</ispartof><rights>1992 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c545t-7cd1b166cb90b9a4394fbaa7992a48582d61945610934cabd5adc4a7d68dc9eb3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312188/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312188/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,883,27907,27908,53774,53776</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=5143856$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1561095$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kepa, Jadwiga K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neeley, Christine I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raynolds, Mary V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordon, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, William M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wierman, Margaret E.</creatorcontrib><title>Structure of the rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells</title><title>Nucleic acids research</title><addtitle>Nucleic Acids Res</addtitle><description>The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene encodes a protein which plays a critical role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Its expression is predominantly restricted to the hypothalamus although It has also been described In the placenta. To begin to determine the promoter elements important for tissue specific expression and to examine the mechanisms of developmental and hormonal regulation of the rat GnRH (rGnRH) gene, we cloned the rGnRH gene from a rat liver genomic DNA library. The nucleotide sequence of greater than 3 kb of 5′-flanking region was determined. The transcriptional initiation site in rat hypothalamic tissue and a mouse hypothalamic cell line were mapped by primer extension analysis and found to be different. In addition, transient transfection studies demonstrated that multiple regions of the distal promoter are Important for tissue specific and basal promoter activity in hypothalamic cells. Furthermore, in these cells a potent activation region resides between − 3026 and −1031 bp and suppressor region between −1031 and −903 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. We conclude that different portions of the 5′-flanking region, which are activating and suppressing in nature, are critical for hypothalamic expression of the rGnRH gene.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genes. Genome</subject><subject>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - cytology</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Organ Specificity - genetics</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>Transcription, Genetic</subject><subject>Transfection</subject><issn>0305-1048</issn><issn>1362-4962</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1vEzEQxVcIVELhyBHJB4TKYVN_7_rQA6raBlEJiRYp4mLNer2JYdcOthfIf8-GRCmcOFmj93vjeXpF8ZLgOcGKnXuI5xTP5ZwwxR4VM8IkLbmS9HExwwyLkmBePy2epfQVY8KJ4CfFCRFyMotZ8fMux9HkMVoUOpTXFkXIaBU8tCHHsHEeRdtbSM6v0DrEIXiLzuKN_7R4i1Z2GjYxDCHbiMC3qBu9yW5y99MI_Ta5hKYV6-0m5DX0MDiDjO379Lx40kGf7IvDe1p8vr66v1yUtx9v3l--uy2N4CKXlWlJQ6Q0jcKNAs4U7xqASikKvBY1bSVR_E8Yxg00rYDWcKhaWbdG2YadFhf7vZuxGWxrrM8Rer2JboC41QGc_lfxbq1X4YdmhJK6nvxvDv4Yvo82ZT24tEsA3oYx6YrWNWeM_BckSjJOFZ3Acg-aGFKKtjseQ7De5dBTo5piLfWu0Yl_9XeCB3pf4aS_PuiQDPRdBG9cOmKCcFYL-fCtS9n-OsoQv2lZsUroxfKLvv_A5PKaLvUd-w3kObv2</recordid><startdate>19920325</startdate><enddate>19920325</enddate><creator>Kepa, Jadwiga K.</creator><creator>Wang, Chun</creator><creator>Neeley, Christine I.</creator><creator>Raynolds, Mary V.</creator><creator>Gordon, David F.</creator><creator>Wood, William M.</creator><creator>Wierman, Margaret E.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19920325</creationdate><title>Structure of the rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells</title><author>Kepa, Jadwiga K. ; Wang, Chun ; Neeley, Christine I. ; Raynolds, Mary V. ; Gordon, David F. ; Wood, William M. ; Wierman, Margaret E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c545t-7cd1b166cb90b9a4394fbaa7992a48582d61945610934cabd5adc4a7d68dc9eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genes. Genome</topic><topic>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - cytology</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Organ Specificity - genetics</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Restriction Mapping</topic><topic>Transcription, Genetic</topic><topic>Transfection</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kepa, Jadwiga K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neeley, Christine I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raynolds, Mary V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordon, David F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wood, William M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wierman, Margaret E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nucleic acids research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kepa, Jadwiga K.</au><au>Wang, Chun</au><au>Neeley, Christine I.</au><au>Raynolds, Mary V.</au><au>Gordon, David F.</au><au>Wood, William M.</au><au>Wierman, Margaret E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structure of the rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells</atitle><jtitle>Nucleic acids research</jtitle><addtitle>Nucleic Acids Res</addtitle><date>1992-03-25</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1393</spage><epage>1399</epage><pages>1393-1399</pages><issn>0305-1048</issn><eissn>1362-4962</eissn><coden>NARHAD</coden><abstract>The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene encodes a protein which plays a critical role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Its expression is predominantly restricted to the hypothalamus although It has also been described In the placenta. To begin to determine the promoter elements important for tissue specific expression and to examine the mechanisms of developmental and hormonal regulation of the rat GnRH (rGnRH) gene, we cloned the rGnRH gene from a rat liver genomic DNA library. The nucleotide sequence of greater than 3 kb of 5′-flanking region was determined. The transcriptional initiation site in rat hypothalamic tissue and a mouse hypothalamic cell line were mapped by primer extension analysis and found to be different. In addition, transient transfection studies demonstrated that multiple regions of the distal promoter are Important for tissue specific and basal promoter activity in hypothalamic cells. Furthermore, in these cells a potent activation region resides between − 3026 and −1031 bp and suppressor region between −1031 and −903 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. We conclude that different portions of the 5′-flanking region, which are activating and suppressing in nature, are critical for hypothalamic expression of the rGnRH gene.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>1561095</pmid><doi>10.1093/nar/20.6.1393</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Cell Line DNA Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes. Genome Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone - genetics Hypothalamus - cytology Hypothalamus - metabolism Mice Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics Molecular Sequence Data Organ Specificity - genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic Rats Restriction Mapping Transcription, Genetic Transfection |
| title | Structure of the rat gonadotropin releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells |
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