Working Memory Capacity Moderates the Predictive Effects of Drug-Related Associations on Substance Use
Some theories suggest that spontaneously activated, drug-related associations in memory may have a "freer reign" in predicting drug use among individuals with lower working memory capacity. This study evaluated this hypothesis among 145 at-risk youth attending continuation high schools (CH...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychology of addictive behaviors 2008-09, Vol.22 (3), p.426-432 |
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| creator | Grenard, Jerry L Ames, Susan L Wiers, Reinout W Thush, Carolien Sussman, Steve Stacy, Alan W |
| description | Some theories suggest that spontaneously activated, drug-related associations in memory may have a "freer reign" in predicting drug use among individuals with lower working memory capacity. This study evaluated this hypothesis among 145 at-risk youth attending continuation high schools (CHS). This is the 1st study to evaluate this type of dual-process interaction in the prediction of drug use among a sample of at-risk adolescents. The CHS students completed assessments of drug-related memory associations, working memory capacity, and drug use. Control variables included age, gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Robust multiple regression using least trimmed squares estimation indicated that there was a significant linear by linear interaction between working memory capacity (assessed with the self-ordered pointing task) and drug-related associations (assessed with verb generation and cue-behavior association tasks) in the prediction of alcohol and cigarette use. Consistent with dual-process cognitive theories, drug-related associations in memory predicted drug use more strongly in students with lower levels of working memory capacity. These findings add to the literature implicating the influence of dual cognitive processes in adolescent risk behaviors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0893-164X.22.3.426 |
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This study evaluated this hypothesis among 145 at-risk youth attending continuation high schools (CHS). This is the 1st study to evaluate this type of dual-process interaction in the prediction of drug use among a sample of at-risk adolescents. The CHS students completed assessments of drug-related memory associations, working memory capacity, and drug use. Control variables included age, gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Robust multiple regression using least trimmed squares estimation indicated that there was a significant linear by linear interaction between working memory capacity (assessed with the self-ordered pointing task) and drug-related associations (assessed with verb generation and cue-behavior association tasks) in the prediction of alcohol and cigarette use. Consistent with dual-process cognitive theories, drug-related associations in memory predicted drug use more strongly in students with lower levels of working memory capacity. These findings add to the literature implicating the influence of dual cognitive processes in adolescent risk behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0893-164X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1501</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/0893-164X.22.3.426</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18778136</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PABEEI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Addictive behaviors ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking - psychology ; Association ; Associative memory ; At risk ; At Risk Populations ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cognitive Processes ; Comorbidity ; Cues ; Drug Abuse ; Female ; Health Behavior ; High School Students ; Human ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Memory Disorders - diagnosis ; Memory Disorders - epidemiology ; Memory Disorders - psychology ; Miscellaneous ; Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data ; Predictors ; Probability ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Psychology. 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Psychiatry ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Short Term Memory ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Smoking - psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Verbal Behavior ; Word Association Tests - statistics & numerical data ; Working memory</subject><ispartof>Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2008-09, Vol.22 (3), p.426-432</ispartof><rights>2008 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>(c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.</rights><rights>2008, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a553t-5f21f1b589b558e41b131311acfc233d8fa0ed9a91ba467ff65d572e884d51963</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-4312-9766</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,30977</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20635578$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18778136$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shaffer, Howard J</contributor><creatorcontrib>Grenard, Jerry L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ames, Susan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiers, Reinout W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thush, Carolien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sussman, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stacy, Alan W</creatorcontrib><title>Working Memory Capacity Moderates the Predictive Effects of Drug-Related Associations on Substance Use</title><title>Psychology of addictive behaviors</title><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><description>Some theories suggest that spontaneously activated, drug-related associations in memory may have a "freer reign" in predicting drug use among individuals with lower working memory capacity. This study evaluated this hypothesis among 145 at-risk youth attending continuation high schools (CHS). This is the 1st study to evaluate this type of dual-process interaction in the prediction of drug use among a sample of at-risk adolescents. The CHS students completed assessments of drug-related memory associations, working memory capacity, and drug use. Control variables included age, gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Robust multiple regression using least trimmed squares estimation indicated that there was a significant linear by linear interaction between working memory capacity (assessed with the self-ordered pointing task) and drug-related associations (assessed with verb generation and cue-behavior association tasks) in the prediction of alcohol and cigarette use. Consistent with dual-process cognitive theories, drug-related associations in memory predicted drug use more strongly in students with lower levels of working memory capacity. These findings add to the literature implicating the influence of dual cognitive processes in adolescent risk behaviors.</description><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - psychology</subject><subject>Association</subject><subject>Associative memory</subject><subject>At risk</subject><subject>At Risk Populations</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognitive Processes</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Drug Abuse</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Behavior</subject><subject>High School Students</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Least-Squares Analysis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Memory Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Memory Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Memory Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Predictors</subject><subject>Probability</subject><subject>Psychology, Adolescent</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Risk-Taking</subject><subject>Short Term Memory</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><subject>Verbal Behavior</subject><subject>Word Association Tests - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Working memory</subject><issn>0893-164X</issn><issn>1939-1501</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkUtvEzEUhS0EomnhD7BAFgI2aIIfY49ng1Sl5SG1AgEV7CyP5zp1mYyD7amUf4-jRKFFyAsv7nfP8fFB6Bklc0p485aolldU1j_njM35vGbyAZrRlrcVFYQ-RLMDcISOU7ohhHCi5GN0RFXTKMrlDLkfIf7y4xJfwirEDV6YtbE-b_Bl6CGaDAnna8BfIvTeZn8L-Nw5sDnh4PBZnJbVVxgK1uPTlIL1JvswluGIv01dyma0gK8SPEGPnBkSPN3fJ-jq_fn3xcfq4vOHT4vTi8oIwXMlHKOOdkK1nRAKatpRXg411lnGea-cIdC3pqWdqWXjnBS9aBgoVfeCtpKfoHc73fXUraC3MOZoBr2OfmXiRgfj9f3J6K_1MtzqYtI2RBWB13uBGH5PkLJe-WRhGMwIYUq6uImWSV7AF_-AN2GKYwmnJa1rpYjaqrEdZGNIKYI7vIQSve1QbyvS24o0Y5rr0mFZen43w9-VfWkFeLUHTLJmcLH8sk8HjhHJhWi27m92XOlUr9PGmpi9HSDZKcaSX5u-u2v78v_0fewPEPXBkg</recordid><startdate>20080901</startdate><enddate>20080901</enddate><creator>Grenard, Jerry L</creator><creator>Ames, Susan L</creator><creator>Wiers, Reinout W</creator><creator>Thush, Carolien</creator><creator>Sussman, Steve</creator><creator>Stacy, Alan W</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-9766</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20080901</creationdate><title>Working Memory Capacity Moderates the Predictive Effects of Drug-Related Associations on Substance Use</title><author>Grenard, Jerry L ; Ames, Susan L ; Wiers, Reinout W ; Thush, Carolien ; Sussman, Steve ; Stacy, Alan W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a553t-5f21f1b589b558e41b131311acfc233d8fa0ed9a91ba467ff65d572e884d51963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - psychology</topic><topic>Association</topic><topic>Associative memory</topic><topic>At risk</topic><topic>At Risk Populations</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognitive Processes</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Cues</topic><topic>Drug Abuse</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Behavior</topic><topic>High School Students</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Least-Squares Analysis</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Memory Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Memory Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Memory Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Predictors</topic><topic>Probability</topic><topic>Psychology, Adolescent</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Risk-Taking</topic><topic>Short Term Memory</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Task Performance and Analysis</topic><topic>Verbal Behavior</topic><topic>Word Association Tests - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Working memory</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Grenard, Jerry L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ames, Susan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiers, Reinout W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thush, Carolien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sussman, Steve</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stacy, Alan W</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Grenard, Jerry L</au><au>Ames, Susan L</au><au>Wiers, Reinout W</au><au>Thush, Carolien</au><au>Sussman, Steve</au><au>Stacy, Alan W</au><au>Shaffer, Howard J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Working Memory Capacity Moderates the Predictive Effects of Drug-Related Associations on Substance Use</atitle><jtitle>Psychology of addictive behaviors</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol Addict Behav</addtitle><date>2008-09-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>426</spage><epage>432</epage><pages>426-432</pages><issn>0893-164X</issn><eissn>1939-1501</eissn><coden>PABEEI</coden><abstract>Some theories suggest that spontaneously activated, drug-related associations in memory may have a "freer reign" in predicting drug use among individuals with lower working memory capacity. This study evaluated this hypothesis among 145 at-risk youth attending continuation high schools (CHS). This is the 1st study to evaluate this type of dual-process interaction in the prediction of drug use among a sample of at-risk adolescents. The CHS students completed assessments of drug-related memory associations, working memory capacity, and drug use. Control variables included age, gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Robust multiple regression using least trimmed squares estimation indicated that there was a significant linear by linear interaction between working memory capacity (assessed with the self-ordered pointing task) and drug-related associations (assessed with verb generation and cue-behavior association tasks) in the prediction of alcohol and cigarette use. Consistent with dual-process cognitive theories, drug-related associations in memory predicted drug use more strongly in students with lower levels of working memory capacity. These findings add to the literature implicating the influence of dual cognitive processes in adolescent risk behaviors.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>18778136</pmid><doi>10.1037/0893-164X.22.3.426</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-9766</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychology of addictive behaviors, 2008-09, Vol.22 (3), p.426-432 |
| issn | 0893-164X 1939-1501 |
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| subjects | Addictive behaviors Adolescent Adolescents Adult and adolescent clinical studies Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Alcohol Drinking - psychology Association Associative memory At risk At Risk Populations Biological and medical sciences Cognitive Processes Comorbidity Cues Drug Abuse Female Health Behavior High School Students Human Humans Least-Squares Analysis Male Medical sciences Memory Disorders - diagnosis Memory Disorders - epidemiology Memory Disorders - psychology Miscellaneous Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data Predictors Probability Psychology, Adolescent Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Regression Analysis Risk Factors Risk-Taking Short Term Memory Smoking - epidemiology Smoking - psychology Substance-Related Disorders - diagnosis Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Task Performance and Analysis Verbal Behavior Word Association Tests - statistics & numerical data Working memory |
| title | Working Memory Capacity Moderates the Predictive Effects of Drug-Related Associations on Substance Use |
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