Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils
Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2011-01, Vol.2011 (2011), p.1-8 |
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| creator | Astani, Akram Schnitzler, Paul Reichling, Jürgen |
| description | Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds only β-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence of β-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ecam/nep187 |
| format | Article |
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Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds only β-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence of β-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep187</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20008902</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Alternative medicine ; Anethole ; Antimicrobial agents ; Antiviral activity ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral drugs ; Caryophyllene ; Caryophyllene oxide ; Cell culture ; Chemotherapy ; Essential oils ; Eudesmol ; Eugenol ; Farnesol ; Herbal medicine ; Herpes simplex ; Herpes viruses ; Inactivation ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Infectivity ; Medical screening ; Melaleuca alternifolia ; Metabolites ; Natural products ; Oils & fats ; Original ; Pharmaceutical sciences ; Phenylpropanoids ; Selectivity ; Sesquiterpenes ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Staphylococcus infections ; Trees ; Viral infections ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2011-01, Vol.2011 (2011), p.1-8</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 Akram Astani et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Akram Astani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Akram Astani et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-91269acfabe69ffc15bcac1f51b7a643213d147b5d8abfee12bd4bfacfe3042e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-91269acfabe69ffc15bcac1f51b7a643213d147b5d8abfee12bd4bfacfe3042e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096453/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096453/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20008902$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Astani, Akram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnitzler, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reichling, Jürgen</creatorcontrib><title>Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds only β-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence of β-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.</description><subject>Alternative medicine</subject><subject>Anethole</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Antiviral activity</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Antiviral drugs</subject><subject>Caryophyllene</subject><subject>Caryophyllene oxide</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Eudesmol</subject><subject>Eugenol</subject><subject>Farnesol</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>Herpes simplex</subject><subject>Herpes viruses</subject><subject>Inactivation</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Infectivity</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Melaleuca alternifolia</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Natural products</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical sciences</subject><subject>Phenylpropanoids</subject><subject>Selectivity</subject><subject>Sesquiterpenes</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Staphylococcus infections</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Viral 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Med</addtitle><date>2011-01-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>2011</volume><issue>2011</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>8</epage><pages>1-8</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds only β-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence of β-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</pub><pmid>20008902</pmid><doi>10.1093/ecam/nep187</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Alternative medicine Anethole Antimicrobial agents Antiviral activity Antiviral agents Antiviral drugs Caryophyllene Caryophyllene oxide Cell culture Chemotherapy Essential oils Eudesmol Eugenol Farnesol Herbal medicine Herpes simplex Herpes viruses Inactivation Infections Infectious diseases Infectivity Medical screening Melaleuca alternifolia Metabolites Natural products Oils & fats Original Pharmaceutical sciences Phenylpropanoids Selectivity Sesquiterpenes Severe acute respiratory syndrome Staphylococcus infections Trees Viral infections Viruses |
| title | Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils |
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