Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly: A Pathological Analysis
Cerebral microbleeds in the elderly are routinely identified by brain MRI. The purpose of this study was to better characterize the pathological basis of microbleeds. We studied postmortem brain specimens of 33 individuals with no clinical history of stroke and with an age range of 71 to 105 years....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Stroke (1970) 2010-12, Vol.41 (12), p.2782-2785 |
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| creator | FISHER, Mark FRENCH, Samuel PING JI KIM, Ronald C |
| description | Cerebral microbleeds in the elderly are routinely identified by brain MRI. The purpose of this study was to better characterize the pathological basis of microbleeds.
We studied postmortem brain specimens of 33 individuals with no clinical history of stroke and with an age range of 71 to 105 years. Cerebral microbleeds were identified by presence of hemosiderin (iron), identified by routine histochemistry and Prussian blue stain. Cellular localization of iron (in macrophages and pericytes) was studied by immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, CD68, and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Presence of β-amyloid was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for epitope 6E10.
Cerebral microbleeds were present in 22 cases and occurred at capillary, small artery, and arteriolar levels. Presence of microbleeds occurred independent of amyloid deposition at site of microbleeds. Although most subjects had hypertension, microbleeds were present with and without hypertension. Putamen was the site of microbleeds in all but 1 case; 1 microbleed was in subcortical white matter of occipital lobe. Most capillary microbleeds involved macrophages, but the 2 microbleeds studied by electron microscopy demonstrated pericyte involvement.
These findings indicate that cerebral microbleeds are common in elderly brain and can occur at the capillary level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.593657 |
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We studied postmortem brain specimens of 33 individuals with no clinical history of stroke and with an age range of 71 to 105 years. Cerebral microbleeds were identified by presence of hemosiderin (iron), identified by routine histochemistry and Prussian blue stain. Cellular localization of iron (in macrophages and pericytes) was studied by immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, CD68, and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Presence of β-amyloid was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for epitope 6E10.
Cerebral microbleeds were present in 22 cases and occurred at capillary, small artery, and arteriolar levels. Presence of microbleeds occurred independent of amyloid deposition at site of microbleeds. Although most subjects had hypertension, microbleeds were present with and without hypertension. Putamen was the site of microbleeds in all but 1 case; 1 microbleed was in subcortical white matter of occipital lobe. Most capillary microbleeds involved macrophages, but the 2 microbleeds studied by electron microscopy demonstrated pericyte involvement.
These findings indicate that cerebral microbleeds are common in elderly brain and can occur at the capillary level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0039-2499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1524-4628</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1524-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.593657</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21030702</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SJCCA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Actin ; Age ; Aged - physiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer's disease ; Arteries ; Basal Ganglia - pathology ; beta -Amyloid ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blue stain ; Brain ; Brain - growth & development ; Brain - pathology ; Capillaries - pathology ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - pathology ; Cerebral Cortex - pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology ; Electron microscopy ; Epitopes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Geriatrics ; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy ; Histochemistry ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Immunohistochemistry ; Iron ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Occipital lobe ; pericytes ; Pericytes - pathology ; Putamen ; Smooth muscle ; Stroke ; Substantia alba ; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</subject><ispartof>Stroke (1970), 2010-12, Vol.41 (12), p.2782-2785</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-b6d570bea98dc393c4dabd2e4cdf7910b9d650529fb603f5102eb268a9952b3c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-b6d570bea98dc393c4dabd2e4cdf7910b9d650529fb603f5102eb268a9952b3c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3674,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23652386$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030702$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>FISHER, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRENCH, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PING JI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KIM, Ronald C</creatorcontrib><title>Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly: A Pathological Analysis</title><title>Stroke (1970)</title><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><description>Cerebral microbleeds in the elderly are routinely identified by brain MRI. The purpose of this study was to better characterize the pathological basis of microbleeds.
We studied postmortem brain specimens of 33 individuals with no clinical history of stroke and with an age range of 71 to 105 years. Cerebral microbleeds were identified by presence of hemosiderin (iron), identified by routine histochemistry and Prussian blue stain. Cellular localization of iron (in macrophages and pericytes) was studied by immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, CD68, and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Presence of β-amyloid was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for epitope 6E10.
Cerebral microbleeds were present in 22 cases and occurred at capillary, small artery, and arteriolar levels. Presence of microbleeds occurred independent of amyloid deposition at site of microbleeds. Although most subjects had hypertension, microbleeds were present with and without hypertension. Putamen was the site of microbleeds in all but 1 case; 1 microbleed was in subcortical white matter of occipital lobe. Most capillary microbleeds involved macrophages, but the 2 microbleeds studied by electron microscopy demonstrated pericyte involvement.
These findings indicate that cerebral microbleeds are common in elderly brain and can occur at the capillary level.</description><subject>Actin</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged - physiology</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Arteries</subject><subject>Basal Ganglia - pathology</subject><subject>beta -Amyloid</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blue stain</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Capillaries - pathology</subject><subject>Cell Movement</subject><subject>Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Epitopes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</subject><subject>Histochemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - pathology</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Occipital lobe</subject><subject>pericytes</subject><subject>Pericytes - pathology</subject><subject>Putamen</subject><subject>Smooth muscle</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Substantia alba</subject><subject>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</subject><issn>0039-2499</issn><issn>1524-4628</issn><issn>1524-4628</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModlv9ByJzI72aevI5kyKFYdm2YqWi9Trka7qR7EybzBb235uy22298ioc8pyHc86L0AcMJxgL_PnXzc_rb4vusislnHBJBW9eoRnmhNVMkPY1mgFQWRMm5QE6zPkPABDa8rfogGCg0ACZoS9zn7xJOlbfg02jid67XIWhmpa-WkTnU9ycVl31Q0_LMY63wRa0G3Tc5JDfoTe9jtm_371H6Pf54mZ-WV9dX3ydd1e1ZYROtRGON2C8lq2zVFLLnDaOeGZd30gMRjrBgRPZGwG05xiIN0S0WkpODLX0CJ1tvXdrs_LO-mEqE6u7FFY6bdSog_r3ZwhLdTs-qLKkJC0rguOdII33a58ntQrZ-hj14Md1VpIzAaxh8F-yxZxzSppHJ9uS5Ww5J9_v58GgHhNS-4RKCWqbUGn7-HKXfdNTJAX4tAN0Lsfukx5syM9csZQUBf0LUrmZ9A</recordid><startdate>20101201</startdate><enddate>20101201</enddate><creator>FISHER, Mark</creator><creator>FRENCH, Samuel</creator><creator>PING JI</creator><creator>KIM, Ronald C</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101201</creationdate><title>Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly: A Pathological Analysis</title><author>FISHER, Mark ; FRENCH, Samuel ; PING JI ; KIM, Ronald C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-b6d570bea98dc393c4dabd2e4cdf7910b9d650529fb603f5102eb268a9952b3c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Actin</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged - physiology</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Arteries</topic><topic>Basal Ganglia - pathology</topic><topic>beta -Amyloid</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blue stain</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain - growth & development</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Capillaries - pathology</topic><topic>Cell Movement</topic><topic>Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Epitopes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</topic><topic>Histochemistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - pathology</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Occipital lobe</topic><topic>pericytes</topic><topic>Pericytes - pathology</topic><topic>Putamen</topic><topic>Smooth muscle</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Substantia alba</topic><topic>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>FISHER, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FRENCH, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PING JI</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KIM, Ronald C</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>FISHER, Mark</au><au>FRENCH, Samuel</au><au>PING JI</au><au>KIM, Ronald C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly: A Pathological Analysis</atitle><jtitle>Stroke (1970)</jtitle><addtitle>Stroke</addtitle><date>2010-12-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2782</spage><epage>2785</epage><pages>2782-2785</pages><issn>0039-2499</issn><issn>1524-4628</issn><eissn>1524-4628</eissn><coden>SJCCA7</coden><abstract>Cerebral microbleeds in the elderly are routinely identified by brain MRI. The purpose of this study was to better characterize the pathological basis of microbleeds.
We studied postmortem brain specimens of 33 individuals with no clinical history of stroke and with an age range of 71 to 105 years. Cerebral microbleeds were identified by presence of hemosiderin (iron), identified by routine histochemistry and Prussian blue stain. Cellular localization of iron (in macrophages and pericytes) was studied by immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin, CD68, and, in selected cases, electron microscopy. Presence of β-amyloid was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for epitope 6E10.
Cerebral microbleeds were present in 22 cases and occurred at capillary, small artery, and arteriolar levels. Presence of microbleeds occurred independent of amyloid deposition at site of microbleeds. Although most subjects had hypertension, microbleeds were present with and without hypertension. Putamen was the site of microbleeds in all but 1 case; 1 microbleed was in subcortical white matter of occipital lobe. Most capillary microbleeds involved macrophages, but the 2 microbleeds studied by electron microscopy demonstrated pericyte involvement.
These findings indicate that cerebral microbleeds are common in elderly brain and can occur at the capillary level.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>21030702</pmid><doi>10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.593657</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Stroke (1970), 2010-12, Vol.41 (12), p.2782-2785 |
| issn | 0039-2499 1524-4628 1524-4628 |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Heart Association Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Journals@Ovid Complete |
| subjects | Actin Age Aged - physiology Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer's disease Arteries Basal Ganglia - pathology beta -Amyloid Biological and medical sciences Blue stain Brain Brain - growth & development Brain - pathology Capillaries - pathology Cell Movement Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy - pathology Cerebral Cortex - pathology Cerebral Hemorrhage - pathology Electron microscopy Epitopes Female Follow-Up Studies Geriatrics Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy Histochemistry Humans Hypertension Immunohistochemistry Iron Macrophages Macrophages - pathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Medical sciences Microscopy, Electron Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) Neurology Occipital lobe pericytes Pericytes - pathology Putamen Smooth muscle Stroke Substantia alba Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system |
| title | Cerebral Microbleeds in the Elderly: A Pathological Analysis |
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