Pseudogenes: pseudo-functional or key regulators in health and disease?

Pseudogenes have long been labeled as "junk" DNA, failed copies of genes that arise during the evolution of genomes. However, recent results are challenging this moniker; indeed, some pseudogenes appear to harbor the potential to regulate their protein-coding cousins. Far from being silent...

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Veröffentlicht in:RNA (Cambridge) 2011-05, Vol.17 (5), p.792-798
Hauptverfasser: Pink, Ryan Charles, Wicks, Kate, Caley, Daniel Paul, Punch, Emma Kathleen, Jacobs, Laura, Carter, David Raul Francisco
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container_issue 5
container_start_page 792
container_title RNA (Cambridge)
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creator Pink, Ryan Charles
Wicks, Kate
Caley, Daniel Paul
Punch, Emma Kathleen
Jacobs, Laura
Carter, David Raul Francisco
description Pseudogenes have long been labeled as "junk" DNA, failed copies of genes that arise during the evolution of genomes. However, recent results are challenging this moniker; indeed, some pseudogenes appear to harbor the potential to regulate their protein-coding cousins. Far from being silent relics, many pseudogenes are transcribed into RNA, some exhibiting a tissue-specific pattern of activation. Pseudogene transcripts can be processed into short interfering RNAs that regulate coding genes through the RNAi pathway. In another remarkable discovery, it has been shown that pseudogenes are capable of regulating tumor suppressors and oncogenes by acting as microRNA decoys. The finding that pseudogenes are often deregulated during cancer progression warrants further investigation into the true extent of pseudogene function. In this review, we describe the ways in which pseudogenes exert their effect on coding genes and explore the role of pseudogenes in the increasingly complex web of noncoding RNA that contributes to normal cellular regulation.
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source MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Animals
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Code
Humans
Pseudogenes
Review
RNA, Untranslated - genetics
Transcription, Genetic
title Pseudogenes: pseudo-functional or key regulators in health and disease?
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