Leishmania major Attenuates Host Immunity by Stimulating Local Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression

Inflammation stimulates immunity but can create immune privilege in some settings. Here, we show that cutaneous Leishmania major infection stimulated expression of the immune regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in local lymph nodes. Induced IDO attenuated the T cell stimulatory funct...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2011-03, Vol.203 (5), p.715-725
Hauptverfasser: Makala, Levi H. C., Baban, Babak, Lemos, Henrique, El-Awady, Ahmed R., Chandler, Phillip R., Hou, De-Yan, Munn, David H., Mellor, Andrew L.
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container_end_page 725
container_issue 5
container_start_page 715
container_title The Journal of infectious diseases
container_volume 203
creator Makala, Levi H. C.
Baban, Babak
Lemos, Henrique
El-Awady, Ahmed R.
Chandler, Phillip R.
Hou, De-Yan
Munn, David H.
Mellor, Andrew L.
description Inflammation stimulates immunity but can create immune privilege in some settings. Here, we show that cutaneous Leishmania major infection stimulated expression of the immune regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in local lymph nodes. Induced IDO attenuated the T cell stimulatory functions of dendritic cells and suppressed local T cell responses to exogenous and nominal parasite antigens. IDO ablation reduced local inflammation and parasite burdens, as did pharmacologic inhibition of IDO in mice with established infections. IDO ablation also enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines and induced some CD4⁺ T cells to express interleukin (IL) 17. These findings showed that IDO induced by L. major infection attenuated innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, IDO acts as a molecular switch regulating host responses, and IDO inhibitor drugs are a potential new approach to enhance host immunity to established leishmania infections.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/infdis/jiq095
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IDO ablation also enhanced local expression of proinflammatory cytokines and induced some CD4⁺ T cells to express interleukin (IL) 17. These findings showed that IDO induced by L. major infection attenuated innate and adaptive immune responses. 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Psychology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Immunity ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Interleukins ; Leishmania major ; Leishmania major - enzymology ; Leishmania major - immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - drug therapy ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology ; Life cycle. Host-agent relationship. Pathogenesis ; Lymph Nodes - enzymology ; Lymph Nodes - immunology ; Major and Brief Reports ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microbiology ; Ova ; Parasite hosts ; Parasites ; Protozoa ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; T lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011-03, Vol.203 (5), p.715-725</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2011 Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 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C.</au><au>Baban, Babak</au><au>Lemos, Henrique</au><au>El-Awady, Ahmed R.</au><au>Chandler, Phillip R.</au><au>Hou, De-Yan</au><au>Munn, David H.</au><au>Mellor, Andrew L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Leishmania major Attenuates Host Immunity by Stimulating Local Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2011-03-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>203</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>715</spage><epage>725</epage><pages>715-725</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><eissn>0022-1899</eissn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><coden>JIDIAQ</coden><abstract>Inflammation stimulates immunity but can create immune privilege in some settings. Here, we show that cutaneous Leishmania major infection stimulated expression of the immune regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) in local lymph nodes. 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subjects Animals
Antigens
Biological and medical sciences
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Cytokines
Cytokines - drug effects
Dendritic cells
Disease Models, Animal
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Host-Parasite Interactions
Immunity
Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism
Infections
Infectious diseases
Interleukins
Leishmania major
Leishmania major - enzymology
Leishmania major - immunology
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - drug therapy
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology
Life cycle. Host-agent relationship. Pathogenesis
Lymph Nodes - enzymology
Lymph Nodes - immunology
Major and Brief Reports
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microbiology
Ova
Parasite hosts
Parasites
Protozoa
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
T lymphocytes
T-Lymphocyte Subsets
title Leishmania major Attenuates Host Immunity by Stimulating Local Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression
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