Genetic Control of a Transition from Black to Straw-White Seed Hull in Rice Domestication

The genetic mechanism involved in a transition from the black-colored seed hull of the ancestral wild rice (Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara) to the straw-white seed hull of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) during grain ripening remains unknown. We report that the black hull of O. rufipogon was contro...

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Veröffentlicht in:Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2011-03, Vol.155 (3), p.1301-1311
Hauptverfasser: Zhu, Bo-Feng, Si, Lizhen, Wang, Zixuan, Jingjie Zhu, Yan Zhou, Shangguan, Yingying, Lu, Danfeng, Fan, Danlin, Li, Canyang, Lin, Hongxuan, Qian, Qian, Sang, Tao, Zhou, Bo, Minobe, Yuzo, Han, Bin
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container_title Plant physiology (Bethesda)
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creator Zhu, Bo-Feng
Si, Lizhen
Wang, Zixuan
Jingjie Zhu, Yan Zhou
Shangguan, Yingying
Lu, Danfeng
Fan, Danlin
Li, Canyang
Lin, Hongxuan
Qian, Qian
Sang, Tao
Zhou, Bo
Minobe, Yuzo
Han, Bin
description The genetic mechanism involved in a transition from the black-colored seed hull of the ancestral wild rice (Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara) to the straw-white seed hull of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) during grain ripening remains unknown. We report that the black hull of O. rufipogon was controlled by the Black hull4 (Bh4) gene, which was fine-mapped to an 8.8-kb region on rice chromosome 4 using a cross between O. rufipogon W1943 (black hull) and O. sativa indica cv Guangluai 4 (straw-white hull). Bh4 encodes an amino acid transporter. A 22-bp deletion within exon 3 of the bh4 variant disrupted the Bh4 function, leading to the straw-white hull in cultivated rice. Transgenic study indicated that Bh4 could restore the black pigment on hulls in cv Guangluai 4 and Kasalath. Bh4 sequence alignment of all taxa with the outgroup Oryza barthii showed that the wild rice maintained comparable levels of nucleotide diversity that were about 70 times higher than those in the cultivated rice. The results from the maximum likelihood Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test suggested that the significant reduction in nucleotide diversity in rice cultivars could be caused by artificial selection. We propose that the straw-white hull was selected as an important visual phenotype of nonshattered grains during rice domestication.
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We report that the black hull of O. rufipogon was controlled by the Black hull4 (Bh4) gene, which was fine-mapped to an 8.8-kb region on rice chromosome 4 using a cross between O. rufipogon W1943 (black hull) and O. sativa indica cv Guangluai 4 (straw-white hull). Bh4 encodes an amino acid transporter. A 22-bp deletion within exon 3 of the bh4 variant disrupted the Bh4 function, leading to the straw-white hull in cultivated rice. Transgenic study indicated that Bh4 could restore the black pigment on hulls in cv Guangluai 4 and Kasalath. Bh4 sequence alignment of all taxa with the outgroup Oryza barthii showed that the wild rice maintained comparable levels of nucleotide diversity that were about 70 times higher than those in the cultivated rice. The results from the maximum likelihood Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test suggested that the significant reduction in nucleotide diversity in rice cultivars could be caused by artificial selection. 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We report that the black hull of O. rufipogon was controlled by the Black hull4 (Bh4) gene, which was fine-mapped to an 8.8-kb region on rice chromosome 4 using a cross between O. rufipogon W1943 (black hull) and O. sativa indica cv Guangluai 4 (straw-white hull). Bh4 encodes an amino acid transporter. A 22-bp deletion within exon 3 of the bh4 variant disrupted the Bh4 function, leading to the straw-white hull in cultivated rice. Transgenic study indicated that Bh4 could restore the black pigment on hulls in cv Guangluai 4 and Kasalath. Bh4 sequence alignment of all taxa with the outgroup Oryza barthii showed that the wild rice maintained comparable levels of nucleotide diversity that were about 70 times higher than those in the cultivated rice. The results from the maximum likelihood Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test suggested that the significant reduction in nucleotide diversity in rice cultivars could be caused by artificial selection. We propose that the straw-white hull was selected as an important visual phenotype of nonshattered grains during rice domestication.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>21263038</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.110.168500</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Agriculture
Amino Acid Transport Systems
Biological and medical sciences
Cloning, Molecular
Crops, Agricultural - genetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genes, Plant - genetics
Genetic loci
Genetic mutation
GENETICS, GENOMICS, AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Geography
Grains
Inbreeding
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation - genetics
Nucleotides - genetics
Organ Specificity - genetics
Oryza
Oryza - genetics
Oryza barthii
Oryza rufipogon
Oryza sativa
Phenotype
Phylogeny
Pigmentation - genetics
Plant domestication
Plant physiology and development
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plants
Plants, Genetically Modified
Polymerase chain reaction
Rice
Rice hulls
RNA, Messenger - genetics
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Seeds
Seeds - anatomy & histology
Seeds - genetics
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Wild rice
title Genetic Control of a Transition from Black to Straw-White Seed Hull in Rice Domestication
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