Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion
AIM：To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion（LIR） injury. METHODS：Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups（36 rats each） ：the sham-ope...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2011-01, Vol.17 (2), p.254-259 |
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| creator | Zhang, Yan Leng, Yu-Fang Xue, Xing Zhang, Yue Wang, Tao Kang, Yu-Qing |
| description | AIM：To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion（LIR） injury. METHODS：Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups（36 rats each） ：the sham-operation group（group S） ,lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group（group LIR） ,and penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning group（group PHC） .Each group was divided into subgroups（n=6 in each group） according to ischemic-reperfusion time,i.e.immediately 0 h（T1） ,1 h（T2） ,3 h（T3） ,6 h（T4） ,12 h（T5） ,and 24 h（T6） .Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h.In group PHC,0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia.The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion;diamine oxidase（DAO） ,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,myeloperoxidase（MPO） of small intestinal tissue,plasma endotoxin,DAO,tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） ,and interleukin（IL） -10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS：The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope.The levels of MPO,endotoxin,serum DAO,and IL-10 at T1-T6,and TNF-αlevel at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC（P0.05） compared with those in group S,but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased（P0.05） .In group PHC,the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6,and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR（P0.05） ;however,the levels of MPO,endotoxin,and DAO in the blood at T2-T6,and TNF-αat T2 and T4 decreased（P0.05） . CONCLUSION：Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR.Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.254 |
| format | Article |
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METHODS：Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups（36 rats each） ：the sham-operation group（group S） ,lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group（group LIR） ,and penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning group（group PHC） .Each group was divided into subgroups（n=6 in each group） according to ischemic-reperfusion time,i.e.immediately 0 h（T1） ,1 h（T2） ,3 h（T3） ,6 h（T4） ,12 h（T5） ,and 24 h（T6） .Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h.In group PHC,0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia.The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion;diamine oxidase（DAO） ,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,myeloperoxidase（MPO） of small intestinal tissue,plasma endotoxin,DAO,tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） ,and interleukin（IL） -10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS：The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope.The levels of MPO,endotoxin,serum DAO,and IL-10 at T1-T6,and TNF-αlevel at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC（P0.05） compared with those in group S,but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased（P0.05） .In group PHC,the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6,and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR（P0.05） ;however,the levels of MPO,endotoxin,and DAO in the blood at T2-T6,and TNF-αat T2 and T4 decreased（P0.05） . CONCLUSION：Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR.Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1007-9327</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2219-2840</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.254</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21246001</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited</publisher><subject>Animals ; Brief ; Cytokines - metabolism ; Endotoxins - metabolism ; Extremities - pathology ; Free Radicals - chemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa - pathology ; Intestine, Small - drug effects ; Intestine, Small - metabolism ; Intestine, Small - pathology ; Male ; Microscopy - methods ; Oxygen - chemistry ; Quinuclidines - pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; Wistar大鼠 ; 小肠 ; 损伤 ; 炎性细胞因子 ; 缺血再灌注 ; 肢体 ; 超氧化物歧化酶 ; 髓过氧化物酶</subject><ispartof>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, 2011-01, Vol.17 (2), p.254-259</ispartof><rights>2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved. 2011</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-dfa9d6c08280f2a247016606ec7eaa007e6c1fecbdffb8a18e6f0c5018832fb43</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://image.cqvip.com/vip1000/qk/84123X/84123X.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020382/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020382/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21246001$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leng, Yu-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xue, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Yu-Qing</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion</title><title>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</title><addtitle>World Journal of Gastroenterology</addtitle><description>AIM：To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion（LIR） injury. METHODS：Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups（36 rats each） ：the sham-operation group（group S） ,lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group（group LIR） ,and penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning group（group PHC） .Each group was divided into subgroups（n=6 in each group） according to ischemic-reperfusion time,i.e.immediately 0 h（T1） ,1 h（T2） ,3 h（T3） ,6 h（T4） ,12 h（T5） ,and 24 h（T6） .Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h.In group PHC,0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia.The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion;diamine oxidase（DAO） ,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,myeloperoxidase（MPO） of small intestinal tissue,plasma endotoxin,DAO,tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） ,and interleukin（IL） -10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS：The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope.The levels of MPO,endotoxin,serum DAO,and IL-10 at T1-T6,and TNF-αlevel at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC（P0.05） compared with those in group S,but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased（P0.05） .In group PHC,the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6,and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR（P0.05） ;however,the levels of MPO,endotoxin,and DAO in the blood at T2-T6,and TNF-αat T2 and T4 decreased（P0.05） . CONCLUSION：Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR.Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Brief</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>Endotoxins - metabolism</subject><subject>Extremities - pathology</subject><subject>Free Radicals - chemistry</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - pathology</subject><subject>Intestine, Small - drug effects</subject><subject>Intestine, Small - metabolism</subject><subject>Intestine, Small - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microscopy - methods</subject><subject>Oxygen - chemistry</subject><subject>Quinuclidines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury</subject><subject>Wistar大鼠</subject><subject>小肠</subject><subject>损伤</subject><subject>炎性细胞因子</subject><subject>缺血再灌注</subject><subject>肢体</subject><subject>超氧化物歧化酶</subject><subject>髓过氧化物酶</subject><issn>1007-9327</issn><issn>2219-2840</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkc1v1DAQxS0EotvClSMyJ04J_khi7wUJVaUgVeICZ8uxx4krx97aSav97zHqsoKTR_KbN-_ph9A7SlouOvnp6X5qH6loPWtZ371AO8bovmGyIy_RjhIimj1n4gJdlnJPCOO8Z6_RBaOsGwihOwQ3zoFZC04OHyDCfDTBWx8Bz0ebk5lDyt4C9hGXRYdQhxXK6qMO2OpFT4CN3gpYPB5x8MuIfTEzLF43GQ6Q3VZ8im_QK6dDgben9wr9-nrz8_pbc_fj9vv1l7vGdLRfG-v03g6GSCaJY5p1gtBhIAMYAVrXMjAYWuOO1rlRaiphcMT0hErJmRs7foU-P_setnEBayCuWQd1yH7R-aiS9ur_n-hnNaVHxQkjXLJq8PFkkNPDVouqpfaBEHSEtBUlu17URP2-KttnpcmplAzufIUS9QeNqmhURaM8UxVNXXj_b7az_C-LKvhwcpxTnB58nM4aLoSQYpD8N9B6mi0</recordid><startdate>20110114</startdate><enddate>20110114</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yan</creator><creator>Leng, Yu-Fang</creator><creator>Xue, Xing</creator><creator>Zhang, Yue</creator><creator>Wang, Tao</creator><creator>Kang, Yu-Qing</creator><general>Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited</general><scope>2RA</scope><scope>92L</scope><scope>CQIGP</scope><scope>W91</scope><scope>~WA</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110114</creationdate><title>Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion</title><author>Zhang, Yan ; Leng, Yu-Fang ; Xue, Xing ; Zhang, Yue ; Wang, Tao ; Kang, Yu-Qing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-dfa9d6c08280f2a247016606ec7eaa007e6c1fecbdffb8a18e6f0c5018832fb43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Brief</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>Endotoxins - metabolism</topic><topic>Extremities - pathology</topic><topic>Free Radicals - chemistry</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - pathology</topic><topic>Intestine, Small - drug effects</topic><topic>Intestine, Small - metabolism</topic><topic>Intestine, Small - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microscopy - methods</topic><topic>Oxygen - chemistry</topic><topic>Quinuclidines - pharmacology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Reperfusion Injury</topic><topic>Wistar大鼠</topic><topic>小肠</topic><topic>损伤</topic><topic>炎性细胞因子</topic><topic>缺血再灌注</topic><topic>肢体</topic><topic>超氧化物歧化酶</topic><topic>髓过氧化物酶</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leng, Yu-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xue, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Yu-Qing</creatorcontrib><collection>中文科技期刊数据库</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-CALIS站点</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-7.0平台</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-医药卫生</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库- 镜像站点</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Yan</au><au>Leng, Yu-Fang</au><au>Xue, Xing</au><au>Zhang, Yue</au><au>Wang, Tao</au><au>Kang, Yu-Qing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion</atitle><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle><addtitle>World Journal of Gastroenterology</addtitle><date>2011-01-14</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>254</spage><epage>259</epage><pages>254-259</pages><issn>1007-9327</issn><eissn>2219-2840</eissn><abstract>AIM：To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion（LIR） injury. METHODS：Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups（36 rats each） ：the sham-operation group（group S） ,lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group（group LIR） ,and penehyclidine hydrochloride postconditioning group（group PHC） .Each group was divided into subgroups（n=6 in each group） according to ischemic-reperfusion time,i.e.immediately 0 h（T1） ,1 h（T2） ,3 h（T3） ,6 h（T4） ,12 h（T5） ,and 24 h（T6） .Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h.In group PHC,0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia.The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion;diamine oxidase（DAO） ,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity,myeloperoxidase（MPO） of small intestinal tissue,plasma endotoxin,DAO,tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） ,and interleukin（IL） -10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS：The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope.The levels of MPO,endotoxin,serum DAO,and IL-10 at T1-T6,and TNF-αlevel at T1-T4 increased in groups LIR and PHC（P0.05） compared with those in group S,but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T1-T6 decreased（P0.05） .In group PHC,the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T2-T6,and IL-10 at T2-T5 increased to higher levels than those in group LIR（P0.05） ;however,the levels of MPO,endotoxin,and DAO in the blood at T2-T6,and TNF-αat T2 and T4 decreased（P0.05） . CONCLUSION：Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR.Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited</pub><pmid>21246001</pmid><doi>10.3748/wjg.v17.i2.254</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Baishideng "World Journal of" online journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Brief Cytokines - metabolism Endotoxins - metabolism Extremities - pathology Free Radicals - chemistry Intestinal Mucosa - pathology Intestine, Small - drug effects Intestine, Small - metabolism Intestine, Small - pathology Male Microscopy - methods Oxygen - chemistry Quinuclidines - pharmacology Rats Rats, Wistar Reperfusion Injury Wistar大鼠 小肠 损伤 炎性细胞因子 缺血再灌注 肢体 超氧化物歧化酶 髓过氧化物酶 |
| title | Effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride in small intestinal damage caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion |
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