Non-invasive and transdermal measurement of blood uric acid level in human by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis
The aim of this study was to find out the optimum combination of electroporation (EP) and reverse iontophoresis (RI) on noninvasive and transdermal determination of blood uric acid level in humans. EP is the use of high-voltage electric pulse to create nano-channels on the stratum corneum, temporari...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of nanomedicine 2010-01, Vol.5, p.991-997 |
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| creator | Lee, Chih-Kuei Ching, Congo Tak-Shing Sun, Tai-Ping Tsai, Chun-Lang Huang, Wei Huang, Hsin-Hung Kuo, Jen-Fu Lai, Li-Hang Chien, Mei-Ya Tseng, Hsin-Hui Pan, Hui-Tzu Huang, Shiow-Yuan Shieh, Hsiu-Li Liu, Wei-Hao Liu, Chia-Ming Huang, Hsin-Wei |
| description | The aim of this study was to find out the optimum combination of electroporation (EP) and reverse iontophoresis (RI) on noninvasive and transdermal determination of blood uric acid level in humans. EP is the use of high-voltage electric pulse to create nano-channels on the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. RI is the use of small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. It is believed that the combination of these two techniques has additional benefits on the molecules' extraction across the human skin. In vitro studies using porcine skin and diffusion cell have indicated that the optimum mode for transdermal uric acid extraction is the combination of RI with symmetrical biphasic direct current (current density = 0.3 mA/cm²; phase duration = 180 s) and EP with 10 pulses per second (voltage = 100 V/cm²; pulse width = 1 ms). This optimum mode was applied to six human subjects. Uric acid was successfully extracted through the subjects' skin into the collection solution. A good correlation (r² = 0.88) between the subject's blood uric acid level and uric acid concentrations in collection solutions was observed. The results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively and transdermally determine blood uric acid levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2147/IJN.S14284 |
| format | Article |
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EP is the use of high-voltage electric pulse to create nano-channels on the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. RI is the use of small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. It is believed that the combination of these two techniques has additional benefits on the molecules' extraction across the human skin. In vitro studies using porcine skin and diffusion cell have indicated that the optimum mode for transdermal uric acid extraction is the combination of RI with symmetrical biphasic direct current (current density = 0.3 mA/cm²; phase duration = 180 s) and EP with 10 pulses per second (voltage = 100 V/cm²; pulse width = 1 ms). This optimum mode was applied to six human subjects. Uric acid was successfully extracted through the subjects' skin into the collection solution. A good correlation (r² = 0.88) between the subject's blood uric acid level and uric acid concentrations in collection solutions was observed. The results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively and transdermally determine blood uric acid levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1178-2013</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1176-9114</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1178-2013</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S14284</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21187918</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Zealand: Taylor & Francis Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Diffusion ; electroporation ; Electroporation - methods ; Female ; Gout - blood ; Humans ; Iontophoresis - methods ; Kidney stones ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; monitoring ; noninvasive ; Original Research ; Reverse iontophoresis ; transdermal ; Uric acid ; Uric Acid - blood ; Uric Acid - isolation & purification</subject><ispartof>International journal of nanomedicine, 2010-01, Vol.5, p.991-997</ispartof><rights>2010. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2010 Lee et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7b171842ec83acd5b0025375e72e80bc8e891739242070a23208097b8d5d54683</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010161/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010161/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,3848,27903,27904,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21187918$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chih-Kuei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ching, Congo Tak-Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Tai-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Chun-Lang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Hsin-Hung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Jen-Fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Li-Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chien, Mei-Ya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tseng, Hsin-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Hui-Tzu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shiow-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shieh, Hsiu-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chia-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Hsin-Wei</creatorcontrib><title>Non-invasive and transdermal measurement of blood uric acid level in human by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis</title><title>International journal of nanomedicine</title><addtitle>Int J Nanomedicine</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to find out the optimum combination of electroporation (EP) and reverse iontophoresis (RI) on noninvasive and transdermal determination of blood uric acid level in humans. EP is the use of high-voltage electric pulse to create nano-channels on the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. RI is the use of small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. It is believed that the combination of these two techniques has additional benefits on the molecules' extraction across the human skin. In vitro studies using porcine skin and diffusion cell have indicated that the optimum mode for transdermal uric acid extraction is the combination of RI with symmetrical biphasic direct current (current density = 0.3 mA/cm²; phase duration = 180 s) and EP with 10 pulses per second (voltage = 100 V/cm²; pulse width = 1 ms). This optimum mode was applied to six human subjects. Uric acid was successfully extracted through the subjects' skin into the collection solution. A good correlation (r² = 0.88) between the subject's blood uric acid level and uric acid concentrations in collection solutions was observed. The results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively and transdermally determine blood uric acid levels.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>electroporation</subject><subject>Electroporation - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gout - blood</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iontophoresis - methods</subject><subject>Kidney stones</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>noninvasive</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Reverse iontophoresis</subject><subject>transdermal</subject><subject>Uric acid</subject><subject>Uric Acid - blood</subject><subject>Uric Acid - isolation & purification</subject><issn>1178-2013</issn><issn>1176-9114</issn><issn>1178-2013</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkl1vFSEQhonR2Fq98QcYEi9MTLZlWDiwNyZN40dNUy_Ua8LCHA_NLqywu6b_XuqptZUbGHjm5R0YQl4CO-Yg1Mn558vjryC4Fo_IIYDSDWfQPr63PiDPSrliTCq96Z6SAw6gVQf6kPy6TLEJcbUlrEht9HTONhaPebQDHdGWJeOIcaZpS_shJU-XHBy1Lng64IoDDZHultFG2l9THNDNOU0p2zmk-EcwVyoXpDWe07RLGUsoz8mTrR0Kvridj8j3D--_nX1qLr58PD87vWicBJgb1YMCLTg63VrnZc8Yl62SqDhq1juNugPVdlxwppjlLWeadarXXnopNro9Iu_2utPSj-hdrSTbwUw5jDZfm2SDeXgSw878SKtpGTDYQBU42Qv4tOJUvZcHyf92XRqNVEzUjDe3V-b0c8EymzEUh8NgI6alGM1BdhuQN-Ze_0depSXH-h6G1yGF6ASr1Ns95XIqJeP2zgAwc9MApjaA2TdAhV_dr_cO_fvj7W_VGK3v</recordid><startdate>20100101</startdate><enddate>20100101</enddate><creator>Lee, Chih-Kuei</creator><creator>Ching, Congo Tak-Shing</creator><creator>Sun, Tai-Ping</creator><creator>Tsai, Chun-Lang</creator><creator>Huang, Wei</creator><creator>Huang, Hsin-Hung</creator><creator>Kuo, Jen-Fu</creator><creator>Lai, Li-Hang</creator><creator>Chien, Mei-Ya</creator><creator>Tseng, Hsin-Hui</creator><creator>Pan, Hui-Tzu</creator><creator>Huang, Shiow-Yuan</creator><creator>Shieh, Hsiu-Li</creator><creator>Liu, Wei-Hao</creator><creator>Liu, Chia-Ming</creator><creator>Huang, Hsin-Wei</creator><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><general>Dove Press</general><general>Dove Medical Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100101</creationdate><title>Non-invasive and transdermal measurement of blood uric acid level in human by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis</title><author>Lee, Chih-Kuei ; Ching, Congo Tak-Shing ; Sun, Tai-Ping ; Tsai, Chun-Lang ; Huang, Wei ; Huang, Hsin-Hung ; Kuo, Jen-Fu ; Lai, Li-Hang ; Chien, Mei-Ya ; Tseng, Hsin-Hui ; Pan, Hui-Tzu ; Huang, Shiow-Yuan ; Shieh, Hsiu-Li ; Liu, Wei-Hao ; Liu, Chia-Ming ; Huang, Hsin-Wei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7b171842ec83acd5b0025375e72e80bc8e891739242070a23208097b8d5d54683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>electroporation</topic><topic>Electroporation - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gout - blood</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iontophoresis - methods</topic><topic>Kidney stones</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>noninvasive</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Reverse iontophoresis</topic><topic>transdermal</topic><topic>Uric acid</topic><topic>Uric Acid - blood</topic><topic>Uric Acid - isolation & purification</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chih-Kuei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ching, Congo Tak-Shing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Tai-Ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Chun-Lang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Hsin-Hung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Jen-Fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Li-Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chien, Mei-Ya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tseng, Hsin-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Hui-Tzu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shiow-Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shieh, Hsiu-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei-Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chia-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Hsin-Wei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of nanomedicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Chih-Kuei</au><au>Ching, Congo Tak-Shing</au><au>Sun, Tai-Ping</au><au>Tsai, Chun-Lang</au><au>Huang, Wei</au><au>Huang, Hsin-Hung</au><au>Kuo, Jen-Fu</au><au>Lai, Li-Hang</au><au>Chien, Mei-Ya</au><au>Tseng, Hsin-Hui</au><au>Pan, Hui-Tzu</au><au>Huang, Shiow-Yuan</au><au>Shieh, Hsiu-Li</au><au>Liu, Wei-Hao</au><au>Liu, Chia-Ming</au><au>Huang, Hsin-Wei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-invasive and transdermal measurement of blood uric acid level in human by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis</atitle><jtitle>International journal of nanomedicine</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Nanomedicine</addtitle><date>2010-01-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>5</volume><spage>991</spage><epage>997</epage><pages>991-997</pages><issn>1178-2013</issn><issn>1176-9114</issn><eissn>1178-2013</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to find out the optimum combination of electroporation (EP) and reverse iontophoresis (RI) on noninvasive and transdermal determination of blood uric acid level in humans. EP is the use of high-voltage electric pulse to create nano-channels on the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. RI is the use of small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. It is believed that the combination of these two techniques has additional benefits on the molecules' extraction across the human skin. In vitro studies using porcine skin and diffusion cell have indicated that the optimum mode for transdermal uric acid extraction is the combination of RI with symmetrical biphasic direct current (current density = 0.3 mA/cm²; phase duration = 180 s) and EP with 10 pulses per second (voltage = 100 V/cm²; pulse width = 1 ms). This optimum mode was applied to six human subjects. Uric acid was successfully extracted through the subjects' skin into the collection solution. A good correlation (r² = 0.88) between the subject's blood uric acid level and uric acid concentrations in collection solutions was observed. The results suggest that it may be possible to noninvasively and transdermally determine blood uric acid levels.</abstract><cop>New Zealand</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis Ltd</pub><pmid>21187918</pmid><doi>10.2147/IJN.S14284</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of nanomedicine, 2010-01, Vol.5, p.991-997 |
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| source | Taylor & Francis Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Dove Press Free; PubMed Central Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adult Analysis of Variance Diffusion electroporation Electroporation - methods Female Gout - blood Humans Iontophoresis - methods Kidney stones Linear Models Male Middle Aged monitoring noninvasive Original Research Reverse iontophoresis transdermal Uric acid Uric Acid - blood Uric Acid - isolation & purification |
| title | Non-invasive and transdermal measurement of blood uric acid level in human by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis |
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