Molecular Organization of the Tear Fluid Lipid Layer
The tear fluid protects the corneal epithelium from drying out as well as from invasion by pathogens. It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biophysical journal 2010-10, Vol.99 (8), p.2559-2567 |
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| creator | Kulovesi, Pipsa Telenius, Jelena Koivuniemi, Artturi Brezesinski, Gerald Rantamäki, Antti Viitala, Tapani Puukilainen, Esa Ritala, Mikko Wiedmer, Susanne K. Vattulainen, Ilpo Holopainen, Juha M. |
| description | The tear fluid protects the corneal epithelium from drying out as well as from invasion by pathogens. It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of the tear film. Artificial tear fluid lipid layers (ATFLLs) composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (60 mol %), free fatty acids (20 mol %), cholesteryl oleate (10 mol %), and triglycerides (10 mol %) were deposited on the air-water interface and their physico-chemical behavior was compared to egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine monolayers by using Langmuir-film balance techniques, x-ray diffraction, and imaging techniques as well as in silico molecular level simulations. At low surface pressures, ATFLLs were organized at the air-water interface as heterogeneous monomolecular films. Upon compression the ATFLLs collapsed toward the air phase and formed hemispherelike lipid aggregates. This transition was reversible upon relaxation. These results were confirmed by molecular-level simulations of ATFLL, which further provided molecular-scale insight into the molecular distributions inside and dynamics of the tear film. Similar type of behavior is observed in lung surfactant but the folding takes place toward the aqueous phase. The results provide novel information of the function of lipids in the tear fluid. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.001 |
| format | Article |
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It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of the tear film. Artificial tear fluid lipid layers (ATFLLs) composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (60 mol %), free fatty acids (20 mol %), cholesteryl oleate (10 mol %), and triglycerides (10 mol %) were deposited on the air-water interface and their physico-chemical behavior was compared to egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine monolayers by using Langmuir-film balance techniques, x-ray diffraction, and imaging techniques as well as in silico molecular level simulations. At low surface pressures, ATFLLs were organized at the air-water interface as heterogeneous monomolecular films. Upon compression the ATFLLs collapsed toward the air phase and formed hemispherelike lipid aggregates. This transition was reversible upon relaxation. These results were confirmed by molecular-level simulations of ATFLL, which further provided molecular-scale insight into the molecular distributions inside and dynamics of the tear film. Similar type of behavior is observed in lung surfactant but the folding takes place toward the aqueous phase. The results provide novel information of the function of lipids in the tear fluid.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-3495</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-0086</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20959097</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Air ; Aqueous solutions ; Biophysics ; Blinking ; Body fluids ; Body Fluids - chemistry ; Body Fluids - secretion ; Cornea ; Eyes & eyesight ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Fluids ; Lipids ; Lipids - chemistry ; Lipids - secretion ; Membrane ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Organizations ; Pathogens ; Rheology ; Simulation ; Surface Properties ; Surfactants ; Tearing ; Tears - chemistry ; Tears - secretion ; Water - chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction</subject><ispartof>Biophysical journal, 2010-10, Vol.99 (8), p.2559-2567</ispartof><rights>2010 Biophysical Society</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Biophysical Society Oct 20, 2010</rights><rights>2010 by the Biophysical Society. 2010 Biophysical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-35acd28f1c673338c153f943bd3f00ce7b6e7879b52a9ab4cefbf1d55bb736e23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-35acd28f1c673338c153f943bd3f00ce7b6e7879b52a9ab4cefbf1d55bb736e23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956218/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349510009306$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,53766,53768,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20959097$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kulovesi, Pipsa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Telenius, Jelena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koivuniemi, Artturi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brezesinski, Gerald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rantamäki, Antti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viitala, Tapani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puukilainen, Esa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritala, Mikko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiedmer, Susanne K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vattulainen, Ilpo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holopainen, Juha M.</creatorcontrib><title>Molecular Organization of the Tear Fluid Lipid Layer</title><title>Biophysical journal</title><addtitle>Biophys J</addtitle><description>The tear fluid protects the corneal epithelium from drying out as well as from invasion by pathogens. It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of the tear film. Artificial tear fluid lipid layers (ATFLLs) composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (60 mol %), free fatty acids (20 mol %), cholesteryl oleate (10 mol %), and triglycerides (10 mol %) were deposited on the air-water interface and their physico-chemical behavior was compared to egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine monolayers by using Langmuir-film balance techniques, x-ray diffraction, and imaging techniques as well as in silico molecular level simulations. At low surface pressures, ATFLLs were organized at the air-water interface as heterogeneous monomolecular films. Upon compression the ATFLLs collapsed toward the air phase and formed hemispherelike lipid aggregates. This transition was reversible upon relaxation. These results were confirmed by molecular-level simulations of ATFLL, which further provided molecular-scale insight into the molecular distributions inside and dynamics of the tear film. Similar type of behavior is observed in lung surfactant but the folding takes place toward the aqueous phase. The results provide novel information of the function of lipids in the tear fluid.</description><subject>Air</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Blinking</subject><subject>Body fluids</subject><subject>Body Fluids - chemistry</subject><subject>Body Fluids - secretion</subject><subject>Cornea</subject><subject>Eyes & eyesight</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fluids</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipids - chemistry</subject><subject>Lipids - secretion</subject><subject>Membrane</subject><subject>Microscopy, Atomic Force</subject><subject>Models, Molecular</subject><subject>Molecular Conformation</subject><subject>Ophthalmic Solutions</subject><subject>Organizations</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Tearing</subject><subject>Tears - chemistry</subject><subject>Tears - secretion</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>X-Ray Diffraction</subject><issn>0006-3495</issn><issn>1542-0086</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhB3BBERdOWcZ2_CUkpKqigLRVL-VsOc6kdZSNFzupVH49XrZU0EN7sWXNM6_G8xDylsKaApUfh3W7G9YMyhv0GoA-IysqGlYDaPmcrABA1rwx4oi8ynkoABNAX5IjBkYYMGpFmvM4ol9Gl6qLdOWm8MvNIU5V7Kv5GqtLLIWzcQldtQm7_eluMb0mL3o3Znxzdx-TH2dfLk-_1ZuLr99PTza1F2DmmgvnO6Z76qXinGtPBe9Nw9uO9wAeVStRaWVawZxxbeOxb3vaCdG2iktk_Jh8PuTulnaLncdpTm60uxS2Lt3a6IL9vzKFa3sVbywzQjKqS8CHu4AUfy6YZ7sN2eM4ugnjkq2WTcMaBfJJUgkjGIc_5PsH5BCXNJU9WCUp1YpJUSB6gHyKOSfs74emYPfu7GCLO7t3Z0Hboqb0vPv3t_cdf2UV4NMBwLLzm4DJZh9w8tiFhH62XQyPxP8G9Buo6A</recordid><startdate>20101020</startdate><enddate>20101020</enddate><creator>Kulovesi, Pipsa</creator><creator>Telenius, Jelena</creator><creator>Koivuniemi, Artturi</creator><creator>Brezesinski, Gerald</creator><creator>Rantamäki, Antti</creator><creator>Viitala, Tapani</creator><creator>Puukilainen, Esa</creator><creator>Ritala, Mikko</creator><creator>Wiedmer, Susanne K.</creator><creator>Vattulainen, Ilpo</creator><creator>Holopainen, Juha M.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Biophysical Society</general><general>The Biophysical Society</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101020</creationdate><title>Molecular Organization of the Tear Fluid Lipid Layer</title><author>Kulovesi, Pipsa ; Telenius, Jelena ; Koivuniemi, Artturi ; Brezesinski, Gerald ; Rantamäki, Antti ; Viitala, Tapani ; Puukilainen, Esa ; Ritala, Mikko ; Wiedmer, Susanne K. ; Vattulainen, Ilpo ; Holopainen, Juha M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-35acd28f1c673338c153f943bd3f00ce7b6e7879b52a9ab4cefbf1d55bb736e23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Air</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Blinking</topic><topic>Body fluids</topic><topic>Body Fluids - chemistry</topic><topic>Body Fluids - secretion</topic><topic>Cornea</topic><topic>Eyes & eyesight</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Fluids</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lipids - chemistry</topic><topic>Lipids - secretion</topic><topic>Membrane</topic><topic>Microscopy, Atomic Force</topic><topic>Models, Molecular</topic><topic>Molecular Conformation</topic><topic>Ophthalmic Solutions</topic><topic>Organizations</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Rheology</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Surfactants</topic><topic>Tearing</topic><topic>Tears - chemistry</topic><topic>Tears - secretion</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>X-Ray Diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kulovesi, Pipsa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Telenius, Jelena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koivuniemi, Artturi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brezesinski, Gerald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rantamäki, Antti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viitala, Tapani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puukilainen, Esa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritala, Mikko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiedmer, Susanne K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vattulainen, Ilpo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holopainen, Juha M.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Biophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kulovesi, Pipsa</au><au>Telenius, Jelena</au><au>Koivuniemi, Artturi</au><au>Brezesinski, Gerald</au><au>Rantamäki, Antti</au><au>Viitala, Tapani</au><au>Puukilainen, Esa</au><au>Ritala, Mikko</au><au>Wiedmer, Susanne K.</au><au>Vattulainen, Ilpo</au><au>Holopainen, Juha M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Molecular Organization of the Tear Fluid Lipid Layer</atitle><jtitle>Biophysical journal</jtitle><addtitle>Biophys J</addtitle><date>2010-10-20</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>99</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>2559</spage><epage>2567</epage><pages>2559-2567</pages><issn>0006-3495</issn><eissn>1542-0086</eissn><abstract>The tear fluid protects the corneal epithelium from drying out as well as from invasion by pathogens. It also provides cell nutrients. Similarly to lung surfactant, it is composed of an aqueous phase covered by a lipid layer. Here we describe the molecular organization of the anterior lipid layer of the tear film. Artificial tear fluid lipid layers (ATFLLs) composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (60 mol %), free fatty acids (20 mol %), cholesteryl oleate (10 mol %), and triglycerides (10 mol %) were deposited on the air-water interface and their physico-chemical behavior was compared to egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine monolayers by using Langmuir-film balance techniques, x-ray diffraction, and imaging techniques as well as in silico molecular level simulations. At low surface pressures, ATFLLs were organized at the air-water interface as heterogeneous monomolecular films. Upon compression the ATFLLs collapsed toward the air phase and formed hemispherelike lipid aggregates. This transition was reversible upon relaxation. These results were confirmed by molecular-level simulations of ATFLL, which further provided molecular-scale insight into the molecular distributions inside and dynamics of the tear film. Similar type of behavior is observed in lung surfactant but the folding takes place toward the aqueous phase. The results provide novel information of the function of lipids in the tear fluid.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>20959097</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.bpj.2010.08.001</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Aqueous solutions Biophysics Blinking Body fluids Body Fluids - chemistry Body Fluids - secretion Cornea Eyes & eyesight Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Fluids Lipids Lipids - chemistry Lipids - secretion Membrane Microscopy, Atomic Force Models, Molecular Molecular Conformation Ophthalmic Solutions Organizations Pathogens Rheology Simulation Surface Properties Surfactants Tearing Tears - chemistry Tears - secretion Water - chemistry X-Ray Diffraction |
| title | Molecular Organization of the Tear Fluid Lipid Layer |
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