Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Purpose Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of clinical pharmacology 2010-07, Vol.66 (7), p.705-712 |
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| creator | Ashley, Elizabeth A Stepniewska, Kasia Lindegardh, Niklas Annerberg, Anna Tarning, Joel McGready, Rose Phaiphun, Lucy Singhasivanon, Pratap White, Nicholas J Nosten, François |
| description | Purpose Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between piperaquine concentrations measured in capillary blood, venous blood and venous plasma. Methods Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. Piperaquine concentrations in venous and capillary samples were measured using solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results A total of 161 sets of the three measures were obtained from 54 patients. Piperaquine concentrations in the venous blood samples were approximately twofold higher and those in the capillary blood samples were threefold higher than the corresponding venous plasma concentrations. Capillary blood piperaquine concentrations were approximately 1.7-fold higher than venous blood concentrations, and this difference also increased with time. Conclusion Differences in whole blood and plasma levels of piperaquine suggest compartmentalisation of the drug within blood cells, as also occurs with the structurally related quinoline chloroquine. The relationship between piperaquine concentrations in the venous plasma, venous blood and capillary blood is variable and unpredictable at low concentrations. However, within the range of concentrations usually present in patients between 3 and 21 days after treatment with currently recommended doses, the relationship between capillary and venous whole blood is predictable; consequently, capillary blood sampling can be used in field assessments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2883082</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>744618997</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-da34fb5949505304b82f539c255053fd142355dad8c922bf60bfde465caa1e6d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhS0EomXgB7ABCwmxIXD9SpxNJTTiJVViAV1bN44zdZXYaZwM8O9xmKEFFrCybH_33ON7TMhjBq8YQPU6AXCuC2BQgAZZVHfIKZOCFwwku0tOAQQryrqCE_IgpSsApmoQ98kJB5HrpTgl37ZxGHHyKQYaOzr2mAZ8SfcuxCVRDC21OPq-x-k7bfoYW9q7vevTT9iPbsLrxQdHfaAjzt6FOdGvfr6kS7BZufcWZ9fSDnvrc59loANmMY8Pyb18mNyj47ohF-_eftl-KM4_vf-4fXNeWKXkXLQoZNeoWtYKlADZaN4pUVuu1n3XMsmFUi222tacN10JTdc6WSqLyFzZig05O-iOSzO41maHE_ZmnPyQ32QievPnTfCXZhf3hmstQPMs8OIoMMXrxaXZDD5Zl0cSXJ6RqaQsma7r6v-kELyENYINefYXeRWXKeQ5GFEpVpes1BliB8hOMaXJdTemGZg1f3PI3-T8zZq_WS08-f21NxW_As_A8yOAyWLfTRisT7cc17WSsDrkBy7lq7Bz063Df3V_eijqMBrc5V9lLj5zYAKYXlUr8QO7YNMd</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>375196168</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Ashley, Elizabeth A ; Stepniewska, Kasia ; Lindegardh, Niklas ; Annerberg, Anna ; Tarning, Joel ; McGready, Rose ; Phaiphun, Lucy ; Singhasivanon, Pratap ; White, Nicholas J ; Nosten, François</creator><creatorcontrib>Ashley, Elizabeth A ; Stepniewska, Kasia ; Lindegardh, Niklas ; Annerberg, Anna ; Tarning, Joel ; McGready, Rose ; Phaiphun, Lucy ; Singhasivanon, Pratap ; White, Nicholas J ; Nosten, François</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between piperaquine concentrations measured in capillary blood, venous blood and venous plasma. Methods Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. Piperaquine concentrations in venous and capillary samples were measured using solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results A total of 161 sets of the three measures were obtained from 54 patients. Piperaquine concentrations in the venous blood samples were approximately twofold higher and those in the capillary blood samples were threefold higher than the corresponding venous plasma concentrations. Capillary blood piperaquine concentrations were approximately 1.7-fold higher than venous blood concentrations, and this difference also increased with time. Conclusion Differences in whole blood and plasma levels of piperaquine suggest compartmentalisation of the drug within blood cells, as also occurs with the structurally related quinoline chloroquine. The relationship between piperaquine concentrations in the venous plasma, venous blood and capillary blood is variable and unpredictable at low concentrations. However, within the range of concentrations usually present in patients between 3 and 21 days after treatment with currently recommended doses, the relationship between capillary and venous whole blood is predictable; consequently, capillary blood sampling can be used in field assessments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-6970</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1041</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20300743</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Antimalarials - administration & dosage ; Antimalarials - analysis ; Antimalarials - blood ; Artemisinin combination therapy ; Artemisinins - administration & dosage ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Blood Chemical Analysis - methods ; Blood tests ; Capillaries - chemistry ; Capillary blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comparative studies ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs ; Female ; Fingers - blood supply ; Human protozoal diseases ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Malaria ; Malaria, Falciparum - blood ; Malaria, Falciparum - drug therapy ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Parasitic diseases ; Pharmacokinetics and Disposition ; Pharmacology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Phlebotomy ; Piperaquine ; Plasma - chemistry ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Protozoal diseases ; Quinolines - administration & dosage ; Quinolines - blood ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2010-07, Vol.66 (7), p.705-712</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-da34fb5949505304b82f539c255053fd142355dad8c922bf60bfde465caa1e6d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-da34fb5949505304b82f539c255053fd142355dad8c922bf60bfde465caa1e6d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,27929,27930,41493,42562,51324</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22895400$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20300743$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ashley, Elizabeth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stepniewska, Kasia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindegardh, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annerberg, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarning, Joel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGready, Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phaiphun, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singhasivanon, Pratap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Nicholas J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nosten, François</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria</title><title>European journal of clinical pharmacology</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><description>Purpose Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between piperaquine concentrations measured in capillary blood, venous blood and venous plasma. Methods Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. Piperaquine concentrations in venous and capillary samples were measured using solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results A total of 161 sets of the three measures were obtained from 54 patients. Piperaquine concentrations in the venous blood samples were approximately twofold higher and those in the capillary blood samples were threefold higher than the corresponding venous plasma concentrations. Capillary blood piperaquine concentrations were approximately 1.7-fold higher than venous blood concentrations, and this difference also increased with time. Conclusion Differences in whole blood and plasma levels of piperaquine suggest compartmentalisation of the drug within blood cells, as also occurs with the structurally related quinoline chloroquine. The relationship between piperaquine concentrations in the venous plasma, venous blood and capillary blood is variable and unpredictable at low concentrations. However, within the range of concentrations usually present in patients between 3 and 21 days after treatment with currently recommended doses, the relationship between capillary and venous whole blood is predictable; consequently, capillary blood sampling can be used in field assessments.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antimalarials - analysis</subject><subject>Antimalarials - blood</subject><subject>Artemisinin combination therapy</subject><subject>Artemisinins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Blood Chemical Analysis - methods</subject><subject>Blood tests</subject><subject>Capillaries - chemistry</subject><subject>Capillary blood</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Drug Combinations</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fingers - blood supply</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - blood</subject><subject>Malaria, Falciparum - drug therapy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics and Disposition</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Phlebotomy</subject><subject>Piperaquine</subject><subject>Plasma - chemistry</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Quinolines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Quinolines - blood</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><issn>0031-6970</issn><issn>1432-1041</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhS0EomXgB7ABCwmxIXD9SpxNJTTiJVViAV1bN44zdZXYaZwM8O9xmKEFFrCybH_33ON7TMhjBq8YQPU6AXCuC2BQgAZZVHfIKZOCFwwku0tOAQQryrqCE_IgpSsApmoQ98kJB5HrpTgl37ZxGHHyKQYaOzr2mAZ8SfcuxCVRDC21OPq-x-k7bfoYW9q7vevTT9iPbsLrxQdHfaAjzt6FOdGvfr6kS7BZufcWZ9fSDnvrc59loANmMY8Pyb18mNyj47ohF-_eftl-KM4_vf-4fXNeWKXkXLQoZNeoWtYKlADZaN4pUVuu1n3XMsmFUi222tacN10JTdc6WSqLyFzZig05O-iOSzO41maHE_ZmnPyQ32QievPnTfCXZhf3hmstQPMs8OIoMMXrxaXZDD5Zl0cSXJ6RqaQsma7r6v-kELyENYINefYXeRWXKeQ5GFEpVpes1BliB8hOMaXJdTemGZg1f3PI3-T8zZq_WS08-f21NxW_As_A8yOAyWLfTRisT7cc17WSsDrkBy7lq7Bz063Df3V_eijqMBrc5V9lLj5zYAKYXlUr8QO7YNMd</recordid><startdate>20100701</startdate><enddate>20100701</enddate><creator>Ashley, Elizabeth A</creator><creator>Stepniewska, Kasia</creator><creator>Lindegardh, Niklas</creator><creator>Annerberg, Anna</creator><creator>Tarning, Joel</creator><creator>McGready, Rose</creator><creator>Phaiphun, Lucy</creator><creator>Singhasivanon, Pratap</creator><creator>White, Nicholas J</creator><creator>Nosten, François</creator><general>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>C6C</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100701</creationdate><title>Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria</title><author>Ashley, Elizabeth A ; Stepniewska, Kasia ; Lindegardh, Niklas ; Annerberg, Anna ; Tarning, Joel ; McGready, Rose ; Phaiphun, Lucy ; Singhasivanon, Pratap ; White, Nicholas J ; Nosten, François</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-da34fb5949505304b82f539c255053fd142355dad8c922bf60bfde465caa1e6d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antimalarials - analysis</topic><topic>Antimalarials - blood</topic><topic>Artemisinin combination therapy</topic><topic>Artemisinins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Blood Chemical Analysis - methods</topic><topic>Blood tests</topic><topic>Capillaries - chemistry</topic><topic>Capillary blood</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Drug Combinations</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fingers - blood supply</topic><topic>Human protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - blood</topic><topic>Malaria, Falciparum - drug therapy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics and Disposition</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Pharmacology/Toxicology</topic><topic>Phlebotomy</topic><topic>Piperaquine</topic><topic>Plasma - chemistry</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>Protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Quinolines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Quinolines - blood</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ashley, Elizabeth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stepniewska, Kasia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindegardh, Niklas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Annerberg, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarning, Joel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGready, Rose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phaiphun, Lucy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singhasivanon, Pratap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>White, Nicholas J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nosten, François</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ashley, Elizabeth A</au><au>Stepniewska, Kasia</au><au>Lindegardh, Niklas</au><au>Annerberg, Anna</au><au>Tarning, Joel</au><au>McGready, Rose</au><au>Phaiphun, Lucy</au><au>Singhasivanon, Pratap</au><au>White, Nicholas J</au><au>Nosten, François</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2010-07-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>705</spage><epage>712</epage><pages>705-712</pages><issn>0031-6970</issn><eissn>1432-1041</eissn><abstract>Purpose Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination treatment. Field pharmacokinetic studies would be simplified and facilitated by being able to use small volume capillary assays rather than venous blood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between piperaquine concentrations measured in capillary blood, venous blood and venous plasma. Methods Samples of plasma, whole blood obtained by venesection and capillary blood were taken simultaneously from patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated with DP between 0 and 9 weeks after treatment. Piperaquine concentrations in venous and capillary samples were measured using solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results A total of 161 sets of the three measures were obtained from 54 patients. Piperaquine concentrations in the venous blood samples were approximately twofold higher and those in the capillary blood samples were threefold higher than the corresponding venous plasma concentrations. Capillary blood piperaquine concentrations were approximately 1.7-fold higher than venous blood concentrations, and this difference also increased with time. Conclusion Differences in whole blood and plasma levels of piperaquine suggest compartmentalisation of the drug within blood cells, as also occurs with the structurally related quinoline chloroquine. The relationship between piperaquine concentrations in the venous plasma, venous blood and capillary blood is variable and unpredictable at low concentrations. However, within the range of concentrations usually present in patients between 3 and 21 days after treatment with currently recommended doses, the relationship between capillary and venous whole blood is predictable; consequently, capillary blood sampling can be used in field assessments.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>20300743</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00228-010-0804-7</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Antimalarials - administration & dosage Antimalarials - analysis Antimalarials - blood Artemisinin combination therapy Artemisinins - administration & dosage Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Chemical Analysis - methods Blood tests Capillaries - chemistry Capillary blood Child Child, Preschool Comparative studies Drug Combinations Drugs Female Fingers - blood supply Human protozoal diseases Humans Infectious diseases Malaria Malaria, Falciparum - blood Malaria, Falciparum - drug therapy Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Parasitic diseases Pharmacokinetics and Disposition Pharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pharmacology/Toxicology Phlebotomy Piperaquine Plasma - chemistry Plasmodium falciparum Protozoal diseases Quinolines - administration & dosage Quinolines - blood Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic |
| title | Comparison of plasma, venous and capillary blood levels of piperaquine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria |
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